{"title":"Implications of the non-neuronal cholinergic system for therapeutic interventions of inflammatory skin diseases","authors":"Hui-Qi Qu, Charlly Kao, Hakon Hakonarson","doi":"10.1111/exd.15181","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>The pivotal roles of acetylcholine (ACh) in physiological processes encompass both the nervous and non-neuronal cholinergic systems (NNCS). This review delineates the synthesis, release, receptor interactions, and degradation of ACh within the nervous system, and explores the NNCS in depth within skin cells including keratinocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and other immune cells. We highlight the NNCS's essential functions in maintaining epidermal barrier integrity, promoting wound healing, regulating microcirculation, and modulating inflammatory responses. The potential of the NNCS as a therapeutic target for localized ACh regulation in the skin is discussed, though the translation of these findings into clinical practice remains uncertain due to the complexity of cholinergic signalling and the lack of comprehensive human studies. The review progresses to therapeutic modulation strategies of the NNCS, including AChE inhibitors, nicotinic and muscarinic receptor agonists and antagonists, choline uptake enhancers, and botulinum toxin, highlighting their relevance in dermatology. We highlight the impact of the NNCS on prevalent skin diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, acne, bullous diseases, hyperhidrosis and hypohidrosis, illustrating its significance in disease pathogenesis and therapy. This comprehensive overview aims to enhance understanding of the NNCS's role in skin health and disease, offering a foundation for future research and therapeutic innovation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12243,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Dermatology","volume":"33 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/exd.15181","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Experimental Dermatology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/exd.15181","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"DERMATOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The pivotal roles of acetylcholine (ACh) in physiological processes encompass both the nervous and non-neuronal cholinergic systems (NNCS). This review delineates the synthesis, release, receptor interactions, and degradation of ACh within the nervous system, and explores the NNCS in depth within skin cells including keratinocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and other immune cells. We highlight the NNCS's essential functions in maintaining epidermal barrier integrity, promoting wound healing, regulating microcirculation, and modulating inflammatory responses. The potential of the NNCS as a therapeutic target for localized ACh regulation in the skin is discussed, though the translation of these findings into clinical practice remains uncertain due to the complexity of cholinergic signalling and the lack of comprehensive human studies. The review progresses to therapeutic modulation strategies of the NNCS, including AChE inhibitors, nicotinic and muscarinic receptor agonists and antagonists, choline uptake enhancers, and botulinum toxin, highlighting their relevance in dermatology. We highlight the impact of the NNCS on prevalent skin diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, acne, bullous diseases, hyperhidrosis and hypohidrosis, illustrating its significance in disease pathogenesis and therapy. This comprehensive overview aims to enhance understanding of the NNCS's role in skin health and disease, offering a foundation for future research and therapeutic innovation.
期刊介绍:
Experimental Dermatology provides a vehicle for the rapid publication of innovative and definitive reports, letters to the editor and review articles covering all aspects of experimental dermatology. Preference is given to papers of immediate importance to other investigators, either by virtue of their new methodology, experimental data or new ideas. The essential criteria for publication are clarity, experimental soundness and novelty. Letters to the editor related to published reports may also be accepted, provided that they are short and scientifically relevant to the reports mentioned, in order to provide a continuing forum for discussion. Review articles represent a state-of-the-art overview and are invited by the editors.