Microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Micromelum minutum leaves using citric acid monohydrate-glycerol based deep eutectic solvents and evaluation of biological activities

IF 5.7 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Analytica Chimica Acta Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI:10.1016/j.aca.2024.343351

Muhammad Hasnun Md Yusoff, Muhammad Hakimin Shafie

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Abstract

Background

The extraction of polysaccharides using an acidic extraction media has been extensively reported, highlighting its effectiveness in yielding high-quality polysaccharides. A higher concentration of acidic solution could hydrolyze the structure of polysaccharide, while a low concentration reduces the extraction efficiency. Despite this challenges, deep eutectic solvents (DES) were introduced as an alternative extraction medium due to additional interactions such as inter and intra-molecular interactions, Van de Waals, hydrogen bond, and electrostatic interactions, which could improve the polysaccharide extraction efficiency and biological activities. Furthermore, the extraction conditions such as extraction medium and extraction parameters could affect the properties of polysaccharides as well as influence their structure-activity relationship for biological activities.

Results

The result showed that the microwave-assisted extraction of Micromelum minutum leaf polysaccharide (MMLP) using DES as an extraction media (MMLP-DES) gave a higher yield (improvement of 101.20 %) than citric acid monohydrate (CAM) (MMLP-CAM) and required a lower percentage of microwave power (19.83 % less) and time (0.78 min less). The properties of MMLPs significantly differ based on their pH, molecular weight, viscosity, degree of esterification and monosaccharide molar ratio which influenced the biological activities. Compared to MMLP-CAM, MMLP-DES had a more branched and less linear structure. The bioactivities study revealed that MMLP-DES exhibited higher antioxidant and anti-α-amylase activities (i.e., DPPH: 74.52 %, FRAP: 2.87 mM FeSO₄ and α-amylase inhibition: 86.23 %) compared to MMLP-CAM (i.e., DPPH: 49.33 %, FRAP: 1.49 mM FeSO₄, and α-amylase inhibition: 81.76 %). The mechanism and structure-activity relationship of MMLPs on bioactivities were also hypothesized.

Significance

Based on our previous study, the citric acid monohydrate-glycerol based DES as an extraction medium has enhanced the extraction yield of polysaccharides from M. minutum. This study highlights the DES combined with microwave-assisted extraction to improve the yield of MMLP and evaluate the biological activities compared to CAM as a classical solvent. In conclusion, the DES showed the advantages for extraction of polysaccharides with desired biological activities.

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使用一水柠檬酸-甘油深共晶溶剂微波辅助提取小叶藻叶多糖及其生物活性评价

背景使用酸性萃取介质萃取多糖的研究已被广泛报道，突出了其在获得高质量多糖方面的有效性。高浓度的酸性溶液会水解多糖的结构，而低浓度的酸性溶液则会降低提取效率。尽管存在这些挑战，但由于深共晶溶剂（DES）具有分子间和分子内相互作用、范德华作用、氢键作用和静电作用等额外的相互作用，可提高多糖的提取效率和生物活性，因此被引入作为替代提取介质。此外，萃取介质和萃取参数等萃取条件也会影响多糖的性质，并影响其生物活性的结构-活性关系。结果表明，以DES为提取介质的微波辅助提取小麦叶多糖（MMLP）（MMLP-DES）比一水柠檬酸（CAM）（MMLP-CAM）的得率高（提高了101.20%），所需的微波功率（减少19.83%）和时间（减少0.78分钟）也更低。MMLPs 的 pH 值、分子量、粘度、酯化程度和单糖摩尔比对生物活性有显著影响。与 MMLP-CAM 相比，MMLP-DES 的支链结构较多，线性结构较少。生物活性研究表明，与 MMLP-CAM 相比，MMLP-DES 具有更高的抗氧化和抗α-淀粉酶活性（即 DPPH：74.52%，FRAP：2.87 mM FeSO4，α-淀粉酶抑制率：86.23%）（即 DPPH：49.33%，FRAP：1.49 mM FeSO4，α-淀粉酶抑制率：81.76%）。意义根据我们之前的研究，以一水柠檬酸-甘油为基础的 DES 作为提取介质提高了 M. minutum 多糖的提取率。与传统溶剂 CAM 相比，本研究强调 DES 与微波辅助萃取相结合可提高 MMLP 的得率并评估其生物活性。总之，DES在提取具有所需生物活性的多糖方面显示出了优势。

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来源期刊

Analytica Chimica Acta 化学-分析化学

CiteScore

10.40

自引率

6.50%

发文量

1081

审稿时长

38 days

期刊介绍： Analytica Chimica Acta has an open access mirror journal Analytica Chimica Acta: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review. Analytica Chimica Acta provides a forum for the rapid publication of original research, and critical, comprehensive reviews dealing with all aspects of fundamental and applied modern analytical chemistry. The journal welcomes the submission of research papers which report studies concerning the development of new and significant analytical methodologies. In determining the suitability of submitted articles for publication, particular scrutiny will be placed on the degree of novelty and impact of the research and the extent to which it adds to the existing body of knowledge in analytical chemistry.