{"title":"The effects of simulated Martian regolith on Arabidopsis growth, circadian rhythms and rhizosphere microbiota","authors":"Yuanyuan Zhao, Rujia Luo, Haoran Zhang, Li Yuan, Xiaoting Fang, Xinjie Tong, Yongyu Qian, Zengxuan Zhou, Yilin Yang, Xiaojia Zeng, Jian-Feng Li, Xiaodong Xu, Qiguang Xie, Ben-Qiang Gong, Jinhu Guo","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-06970-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>The environment on Mars dramatically differs from that on the Earth, including light, radiation, magnetic field and regolith, however, the effects of Martian regolith on plant growth, environmental fitness, circadian rhythm, and rhizosphere microbiota remains unclear.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We grew <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> in simulated Martian regolith (SMR) and the changes in plant growth and development were observed. The changes in circadian rhythms of <i>CCA1:LUC</i> activity were monitored and transcriptomic expression was assessed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). 16S rRNA sequencing was carried out to analyze the rhizosphere microbiota.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p><i>Arabidopsis</i> grown in SMR displayed significantly repressed growth and rosette leaf development, and the seedlings died after 50 days with only one pair of euphylla. The plants grown in SMR showed an overall dramatically disrupted circadian rhythm. Growth in SMR led to changes in the rhythmicity of a subset of genes that regulate multiple pathways, including the circadian rhythm, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism. Furthermore, we identified genes associated with the circadian clock and metal metabolism. SMR contains lower absorbable contents of some basic elements, and supplementation with iron (Fe) partially restored the disturbed circadian phenotypes. Moreover, among the rhizosphere microbiota in SMR, the decreased abundance of Actinobacteria were observed, which may be associated with Fe metabolism.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>SMR may have deleterious effects on plant growth, uptake and metabolism of elements, and circadian clock. The low absorbable level of Fe in SMR may be one of the factors causing disruption of the plant’s circadian clock and the altered abundance of microorganisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Plant and Soil","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06970-7","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AGRONOMY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background and aims
The environment on Mars dramatically differs from that on the Earth, including light, radiation, magnetic field and regolith, however, the effects of Martian regolith on plant growth, environmental fitness, circadian rhythm, and rhizosphere microbiota remains unclear.
Methods
We grew Arabidopsis thaliana in simulated Martian regolith (SMR) and the changes in plant growth and development were observed. The changes in circadian rhythms of CCA1:LUC activity were monitored and transcriptomic expression was assessed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). 16S rRNA sequencing was carried out to analyze the rhizosphere microbiota.
Results
Arabidopsis grown in SMR displayed significantly repressed growth and rosette leaf development, and the seedlings died after 50 days with only one pair of euphylla. The plants grown in SMR showed an overall dramatically disrupted circadian rhythm. Growth in SMR led to changes in the rhythmicity of a subset of genes that regulate multiple pathways, including the circadian rhythm, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism. Furthermore, we identified genes associated with the circadian clock and metal metabolism. SMR contains lower absorbable contents of some basic elements, and supplementation with iron (Fe) partially restored the disturbed circadian phenotypes. Moreover, among the rhizosphere microbiota in SMR, the decreased abundance of Actinobacteria were observed, which may be associated with Fe metabolism.
Conclusion
SMR may have deleterious effects on plant growth, uptake and metabolism of elements, and circadian clock. The low absorbable level of Fe in SMR may be one of the factors causing disruption of the plant’s circadian clock and the altered abundance of microorganisms.
期刊介绍:
Plant and Soil publishes original papers and review articles exploring the interface of plant biology and soil sciences, and that enhance our mechanistic understanding of plant-soil interactions. We focus on the interface of plant biology and soil sciences, and seek those manuscripts with a strong mechanistic component which develop and test hypotheses aimed at understanding underlying mechanisms of plant-soil interactions. Manuscripts can include both fundamental and applied aspects of mineral nutrition, plant water relations, symbiotic and pathogenic plant-microbe interactions, root anatomy and morphology, soil biology, ecology, agrochemistry and agrophysics, as long as they are hypothesis-driven and enhance our mechanistic understanding. Articles including a major molecular or modelling component also fall within the scope of the journal. All contributions appear in the English language, with consistent spelling, using either American or British English.