Ettore Morosini , Michele Doninelli , Gioele Di Marcoberardino , Paolo Iora , Mauro Riva , Paolo Stringari , Giampaolo Manzolini
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Transcritical heat pumps working with CO2-based mixtures with a low-volatility dopant are found to achieve good performances in thermally integrated heat pumps, especially when sensible heat sources and heat sinks are considered. This paper introduces in literature tetrachloroethylene, C2Cl4, as CO2-dopant for the mixture to be adopted as working fluid in high temperature heat pumps. To calibrate the thermodynamic model used in the cycle simulations, an experimental characterization on the mixture is proposed: liquid densities of the mixtures are measured, in a wide range of concentration, optimizing the binary interaction parameter of the Peng Robinson equation of state. Moreover, the thermal stability of pure C2Cl4 is experimentally evaluated, identifying the maximum allowable compressor outlet temperature between 200 °C and 250 °C, with a decomposition rate below 1 %/year if the fluid is kept at temperatures around 200 °C. Then, the potentialities of this very high temperature heat pump are assessed in spray dryer applications: a coefficient of performance around 3.38 is obtained for a conventional spray dryer plant, corresponding to 73 % of second law efficiency, considering an air flow heated from ambient temperature to 200 °C as the sink, while cooling the sensible heat source, available at 76 °C, below 30 °C. As term of comparison, the same system adopting propane, instead of the CO2 + C2Cl4 mixture, would achieve a coefficient of performance and second law efficiency of 2.94 and 64 %, respectively.
在热集成热泵中,特别是考虑到显热源和散热片时,使用带有低挥发性掺杂剂的二氧化碳基混合物的跨临界热泵可实现良好的性能。本文在文献中介绍了四氯乙烯(C2Cl4)作为二氧化碳掺杂剂,用于高温热泵中作为工作流体的混合物。为了校准循环模拟中使用的热力学模型,本文提出了混合物的实验特征:在广泛的浓度范围内测量混合物的液体密度,优化彭-罗宾逊状态方程的二元相互作用参数。此外,还对纯 C2Cl4 的热稳定性进行了实验评估,确定了压缩机出口温度在 200 °C 和 250 °C 之间的最大允许值,如果流体保持在 200 °C 左右的温度,分解率低于 1%/年。然后,对这种超高温热泵在喷雾干燥机中的应用潜力进行了评估:考虑到将从环境温度加热到 200 °C 的气流作为汇,同时将温度为 76 °C 的显热源冷却到 30 °C 以下,传统喷雾干燥机设备的性能系数约为 3.38,相当于 73 % 的第二定律效率。作为比较,采用丙烷代替 CO2 + C2Cl4 混合物的同一系统的性能系数和第二定律效率分别为 2.94% 和 64%。
期刊介绍:
The journal Energy Conversion and Management provides a forum for publishing original contributions and comprehensive technical review articles of interdisciplinary and original research on all important energy topics.
The topics considered include energy generation, utilization, conversion, storage, transmission, conservation, management and sustainability. These topics typically involve various types of energy such as mechanical, thermal, nuclear, chemical, electromagnetic, magnetic and electric. These energy types cover all known energy resources, including renewable resources (e.g., solar, bio, hydro, wind, geothermal and ocean energy), fossil fuels and nuclear resources.