Intersection of CBRN, military forensic science, and counterterrorism

IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL
Lauren Wilson , Paul Roffey , Kevin Lothridge , Sen Sgt Andy Rowan , Frank Crispino
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Abstract

The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan required that forensic science was used beyond the traditional law enforcement and criminal justice goals and applied to military operations. The 9/11 terror attacks in the United States (US) inspired further attacks in the Western World and highlighted the importance of national and international intelligence sharing for counterterrorism operations. Following the 9/11 attacks, anthrax was disseminated in the US mail system, demonstrating a successful modern use of biological agents. As a result, nations enhanced their Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) capabilities to prevent, prepare, respond, and recover from CBRN attacks but in the last decade, there has been a decrease in capabilities across military forensic science, counterterrorism, and CBRN. Recent changes in the global and strategic environment such as, the war in the Ukraine, the threat of grey zone conflicts (below the threshold of war) such as the conflict in the Middle East, and strategic competition, indicates international, national, state and local CBRN capabilities need to be reinvigorated in a world under digital transformations. There is a need for a harmonized approach to enhance the integration of military, law enforcement, and CBRN operations to support decision-making. In this paper, we look back to where we have come from and where we are now to make recommendations on where to from here for military forensic science and counterterrorism, including CBRN which intersects both of these systems.
化学、生物、辐射和核(CBRN)、军事法医学和反恐的交叉点
伊拉克战争和阿富汗战争要求法医学的使用超越传统的执法和刑事司法目标,并应用于军事行动。在美国发生的 9/11 恐怖袭击事件激发了西方世界的进一步袭击,并凸显了国家和国际情报共享对于反恐行动的重要性。9/11 袭击发生后,炭疽在美国邮件系统中传播,表明现代生物制剂的使用取得了成功。因此,各国加强了化学、生物、辐射和核(CBRN)能力,以预防、准备、应对 CBRN 袭击并从中恢复,但在过去十年中,军事法医学、反恐和 CBRN 方面的能力有所下降。近期全球战略环境的变化,如乌克兰战争、中东冲突等灰色地带冲突(低于战争门槛)的威胁,以及战略竞争,都表明国际、国家、州和地方的化学、生物、辐射和核能力需要在数字化转型的世界中重新焕发活力。我们需要一种统一的方法来加强军事、执法和 CBRN 行动的整合,为决策提供支持。在本文中,我们回顾了我们的过去和现在,并就军事法医学和反恐(包括与这两个系统交叉的 CBRN)的未来发展提出了建议。
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来源期刊
Forensic science international
Forensic science international 医学-医学:法
CiteScore
5.00
自引率
9.10%
发文量
285
审稿时长
49 days
期刊介绍: Forensic Science International is the flagship journal in the prestigious Forensic Science International family, publishing the most innovative, cutting-edge, and influential contributions across the forensic sciences. Fields include: forensic pathology and histochemistry, chemistry, biochemistry and toxicology, biology, serology, odontology, psychiatry, anthropology, digital forensics, the physical sciences, firearms, and document examination, as well as investigations of value to public health in its broadest sense, and the important marginal area where science and medicine interact with the law. The journal publishes: Case Reports Commentaries Letters to the Editor Original Research Papers (Regular Papers) Rapid Communications Review Articles Technical Notes.
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