An integrated mapping approach highlights extended distribution and high environmental status of Irish seagrass meadows

Abstract

To address the remaining knowledge gap regarding the distribution of seagrasses in Ireland, this study aimed a) to create an updated seagrass (Zostera spp.) distribution map, and b) to evaluate the environmental quality to which seagrass meadows are exposed. To achieve the first objective, we (i) combined the available data on seagrass distribution published to date, and (ii) mapped additional meadows by implementing an integrated method based on species distribution models, satellite-derived images, and snorkelling-based surveys. We mapped 209 new seagrass meadows (14.98 km²), representing a 37.03 % increase over previously reported extents. Consequently, the total extent of Irish seagrass meadows is estimated to be at least 54.85 km². To address the second objective, we assessed the level of anthropogenic pressure of seagrass meadows based on the index provided by the Water Framework Directive of the European Environment Agency. This study demonstrates that Irish meadows are primarily located in areas with ‘HIGH’ and ‘GOOD’ water status.