Adaptive Cruise Control under threat: A stochastic active safety analysis of sensing attacks in mixed traffic

IF 5.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Mixed traffic environments combining human-driven vehicles (HDVs) and those equipped with Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) have already become prevalent. This study tackles the critical yet underexplored threat of sensing attacks, such as jamming and spoofing, on ACC systems. By applying stochastically calibrated ACC and HDV car-following models grounded in field data, we constructed an integrated and high-fidelity framework to simulate mixed traffic. This allows us to comprehensively analyze traffic safety risks enabled by surrogate safety measures, under various sensing attack scenarios and considering mechanisms for cyberattack detection and human intervention. Our findings highlight profound vulnerabilities in traffic safety from sensing attacks, with factors including stochastic driving behaviors, ACC penetration rates, and attack effectiveness. Through scenario-based sensitivity analyses, this research underscores the potential risks more realistically by stochastic simulation and also contributes to the design of detection systems to safeguard mixed traffic. Ultimately, this work provides valuable insights into evaluating the robustness of ACC systems against sensing attacks, supporting the ongoing and future development of effective countermeasures.
受到威胁的自适应巡航控制系统:混合交通中感应攻击的随机主动安全分析
人类驾驶车辆(HDV)与配备自适应巡航控制系统(ACC)的车辆相结合的混合交通环境已经十分普遍。本研究探讨了自适应巡航控制系统所面临的关键但尚未得到充分探索的传感攻击威胁,如干扰和欺骗。通过应用以现场数据为基础的随机校准 ACC 和 HDV 汽车跟随模型,我们构建了一个综合的高保真框架来模拟混合交通。这使我们能够在各种传感攻击场景下,并考虑网络攻击检测和人工干预机制,全面分析代用安全措施带来的交通安全风险。我们的研究结果凸显了传感攻击对交通安全造成的严重影响,影响因素包括随机驾驶行为、ACC 渗透率和攻击效果。通过基于场景的敏感性分析,这项研究通过随机模拟更真实地强调了潜在风险,同时也有助于设计检测系统来保护混合交通。最终,这项工作为评估自动驾驶汽车控制系统对感知攻击的鲁棒性提供了宝贵的见解,为正在进行的和未来的有效对策开发提供了支持。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.90
自引率
16.90%
发文量
264
审稿时长
48 days
期刊介绍: Accident Analysis & Prevention provides wide coverage of the general areas relating to accidental injury and damage, including the pre-injury and immediate post-injury phases. Published papers deal with medical, legal, economic, educational, behavioral, theoretical or empirical aspects of transportation accidents, as well as with accidents at other sites. Selected topics within the scope of the Journal may include: studies of human, environmental and vehicular factors influencing the occurrence, type and severity of accidents and injury; the design, implementation and evaluation of countermeasures; biomechanics of impact and human tolerance limits to injury; modelling and statistical analysis of accident data; policy, planning and decision-making in safety.
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