The efficiency of portable air cleaners in reducing cross-exposure through respiratory aerosols: Effects of flowrate, location, and unit type

Abstract

This study evaluates the efficacy of portable air cleaners (PACs) in a controlled climate chamber that simulates an office environment, assessing their impact on respiratory particle transmission between two thermal manikins (representing an infected and an exposed individual) as well as on the noise level in the chamber. The study explores three types of PAC, namely floor-type (PAC1), table (PAC2) and personalized (PAC3) in various locations and operation modes. The particles were generated using an aerosol generator and introduced into the infected manikin's exhalation; the particle concentration at the exposed manikin's breathing zone (BZ) was measured using an aerodynamic particle sizer. The results showed that the PAC2, operating at a flow rate of 97 m³/h, significantly reduced the intake fraction (IF) by over 90 % within the first hour, proving to be the most effective in minimizing cross-exposure risks while maintaining sound levels within the acceptable limits for office rooms. In contrast, PAC3, with a lower flow rate of 13 m³/h, reduced IF by only 21.6 % after 60 min. The result also showed that settings with higher flow rates (higher than 134 m³/h) resulted in noise levels above the maximum allowable for office spaces for all tested PACs. Additionally, prolonged operation did not further decrease IF significantly after reaching optimal reduction levels within 30–60 min, depending on the PAC type and settings. Further, the study showed that strategic placement away from direct alignment with occupants' BZ is recommended to optimize aerosol removal and noise management.