Addressing the Nipah virus threat: A call for global vigilance and coordinated action

Q3 Medicine
Priyanka Mohapatra , Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib , Muhammed Shabil , Pranchal Rajput , Naveen Sharma , Prakasini Satapathy , Kiran Bhopte , Diptismita Jena , Sanjit Sah , Ganesh Bushi
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Abstract

The Nipah virus, classified by the World Health Organization as a priority pathogen due to its potential to cause epidemics, continues to present substantial challenges to public health systems with its episodic outbreaks and significant mortality rates. This zoonotic virus induces severe respiratory and neurological symptoms, often leading to multiorgan failure and high mortality. In India, the state of Kerala has become a focal point for NiV surveillance following repeated outbreaks that have highlighted the deadly impact of the virus and the urgent need for effective management strategies. Despite advances in diagnostics, the absence of specific treatments and vaccines complicates the effective management of these outbreaks. This article discusses the epidemiological trends, clinical challenges, and strategic imperatives for managing and preventing NiV. It highlights the ongoing transmission dynamics, including the genetic consistency of NiV that suggests a stable but continuously threatening viral reservoir in local bat populations. Moreover, the transmission mechanisms from fruit bats to humans, the pathogenesis within the human body, and the severe health outcomes resulting from infection have been discussed. The public health responses are essentially focused on surveillance, community engagement, and education, which are vital yet challenged by the lack of specific medical countermeasures. There is a need for global collaboration in research and public health preparedness to effectively address the challenges posed by NiV and promptly reduce the impact of future outbreaks.
应对尼帕病毒威胁:呼吁全球保持警惕并采取协调行动
尼帕病毒因其可能导致流行病而被世界卫生组织列为重点病原体,它的偶发性爆发和高死亡率继续给公共卫生系统带来巨大挑战。这种人畜共患病病毒会引发严重的呼吸道和神经系统症状,往往导致多器官衰竭和高死亡率。在印度,喀拉拉邦多次爆发 NiV疫情,凸显了该病毒的致命影响以及对有效管理策略的迫切需求,因此该邦已成为 NiV 监测的重点地区。尽管诊断技术不断进步,但由于缺乏特定的治疗方法和疫苗,有效控制疫情变得更加复杂。本文讨论了流行病学趋势、临床挑战以及管理和预防 NiV 的战略要务。文章强调了正在发生的传播动态,包括 NiV 的遗传一致性,这表明在当地蝙蝠种群中存在一个稳定但持续存在威胁的病毒库。此外,还讨论了从果蝠到人类的传播机制、人体内的致病机理以及感染导致的严重健康后果。公共卫生应对措施主要集中在监测、社区参与和教育方面,这些措施至关重要,但由于缺乏具体的医疗对策而面临挑战。有必要在研究和公共卫生准备方面开展全球合作,以有效应对 NiV 带来的挑战,并迅速降低未来疫情爆发的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Clinical Infection in Practice
Clinical Infection in Practice Medicine-Infectious Diseases
CiteScore
2.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
95
审稿时长
82 days
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