{"title":"Catalytic Construction of C(sp3)−Ge Bonds: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives","authors":"Jia‐Lin Tu , Binbin Huang","doi":"10.1002/adsc.202401069","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Germanium (Ge), a congener of carbon, possesses unique properties that hold extensive potential for applications across multiple domains. Recent years have seen significant progress in the development of carbon‐germanium bond formation strategies, particularly those for more challenging C(<em>sp</em><sup>3</sup>)−Ge bonds. This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in C(<em>sp</em><sup>3</sup>)−Ge bond forming methodologies, with particular emphasis on (1) the versatility of transition‐metals, including iron, nickel, copper, rhodium and palladium, as catalysts in broadening reaction scope and controlling selectivity; (2) the powerfulness of organic photocatalysis in achieving mild and selective bond formation, and (3) the sustainability of catalytic electrosynthesis in facilitating chemical oxidant‐/reductant‐ free conversions. Additionally, examples of (4) non‐catalytic strategies are also discussed. The representative scopes, as well as mechanistic proposals, of these protocols are highlighted. Through an overview on the current state of research, this review aims to offer insights into the catalytic construction of C(<em>sp</em><sup>3</sup>)−Ge bonds, and provide perspectives on future research directions to address the current challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":118,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis","volume":"366 22","pages":"Pages 4618-4633"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/org/science/article/pii/S1615415024006216","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, APPLIED","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Germanium (Ge), a congener of carbon, possesses unique properties that hold extensive potential for applications across multiple domains. Recent years have seen significant progress in the development of carbon‐germanium bond formation strategies, particularly those for more challenging C(sp3)−Ge bonds. This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in C(sp3)−Ge bond forming methodologies, with particular emphasis on (1) the versatility of transition‐metals, including iron, nickel, copper, rhodium and palladium, as catalysts in broadening reaction scope and controlling selectivity; (2) the powerfulness of organic photocatalysis in achieving mild and selective bond formation, and (3) the sustainability of catalytic electrosynthesis in facilitating chemical oxidant‐/reductant‐ free conversions. Additionally, examples of (4) non‐catalytic strategies are also discussed. The representative scopes, as well as mechanistic proposals, of these protocols are highlighted. Through an overview on the current state of research, this review aims to offer insights into the catalytic construction of C(sp3)−Ge bonds, and provide perspectives on future research directions to address the current challenges.
期刊介绍:
Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis (ASC) is the leading primary journal in organic, organometallic, and applied chemistry.
The high impact of ASC can be attributed to the unique focus of the journal, which publishes exciting new results from academic and industrial labs on efficient, practical, and environmentally friendly organic synthesis. While homogeneous, heterogeneous, organic, and enzyme catalysis are key technologies to achieve green synthesis, significant contributions to the same goal by synthesis design, reaction techniques, flow chemistry, and continuous processing, multiphase catalysis, green solvents, catalyst immobilization, and recycling, separation science, and process development are also featured in ASC. The Aims and Scope can be found in the Notice to Authors or on the first page of the table of contents in every issue.