Entrance geometries of closed-conduit fishways to attract juvenile fishes

IF 3.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Engineering Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107421

Maryam Farzadkhoo , Darren Jadraque , Richard T. Kingsford , Iain M. Suthers , Stefan Felder

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Abstract

Fishway effectiveness relies on successful fish attraction and entry, yet limited research has explored the impact of entrance design on fish attraction. This study addresses this knowledge gap by evaluating different entrance geometries, water velocity, and related characteristics of flow for attracting Australian native fishes into closed conduit fishways. Novel laboratory experiments combined detailed hydrodynamic measurements of the velocity fields with live fish experiments, using silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) and Australian bass (Percalates novemaculeata). Four entry geometries comprising a circular entrance (FO), a slotted entrance (slot), a semi-circular entrance (SC), and a submerged quarter circle (QC) were tested. Three attraction velocity configurations of (i) V_a = 0 m/s, (ii) constant velocity (V_a = 0.15 m/s at the entrance for each of the entrance geometries); and (iii) constant momentum flux (0.12 N for each entrance geometry) was examined at a water depth of d = 0.18 m. There were distinct differences in the attraction flow patterns between entrance geometries. The strongest turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) values were found near the channel bed at Z = 0.1 d, with TKE significantly reduced by up to 60 % in the upper layer (Z = 0.7 d). The swimming trajectories for silver perch and Australian bass varied with different entrance geometries. While in the SC entrance, most silver perch used the jet sidewall, for the QC entrance, silver perch displayed a preference for swimming along the middle of the channel and along the non-jet sidewall, suggesting that the flow submergence for the QC entrance may have affected fish response. The presence of silver perch and Australian bass in the entrance tube clearly suggests that they can be attracted to diverse geometries without exhibiting a distinct preference for particular combinations of entrance geometries and velocities. TKE values <160 cm²/s² were recommended for attracting juvenile silver perch and Australian bass with longer residence time in the entrance tube.

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吸引幼鱼的闭合导管鱼道入口几何形状

鱼道的有效性取决于能否成功地吸引鱼类进入，但有关入口设计对鱼类吸引力影响的研究却十分有限。本研究通过评估不同的入口几何形状、水流速度以及相关的水流特征，以吸引澳大利亚本地鱼类进入封闭式导流鱼道，填补了这一知识空白。新颖的实验室实验将流速场的详细水动力测量与活鱼实验相结合，使用银鲈（Bidyanus bidyanus）和澳大利亚鲈鱼（Percalates novemaculeata）进行实验。测试了四种入口几何结构，包括圆形入口（FO）、槽形入口（slot）、半圆形入口（SC）和水下四分之一圆（QC）。在水深 d = 0.18 米处测试了三种吸引速度配置：(i) Va = 0 米/秒；(ii) 恒速（每种入口几何形状的入口处均为 Va = 0.15 米/秒）；(iii) 恒定动量通量（每种入口几何形状的入口处均为 0.12 牛顿）。在 Z = 0.1 d 的河床附近发现了最强的湍流动能（TKE）值，而在上层（Z = 0.7 d），TKE 显著降低了 60%。银鲈和澳大利亚鲈鱼的游动轨迹随不同的入口几何形状而变化。在 SC 入口处，大多数鲈鱼使用喷射侧壁，而在 QC 入口处，鲈鱼则偏好沿水道中部和非喷射侧壁游动，这表明 QC 入口处的水流淹没可能影响了鱼类的反应。银鲈和澳大利亚鲈鱼在入口管中的出现清楚地表明，它们会被不同的几何形状所吸引，而不会对特定的入口几何形状和流速组合表现出明显的偏好。建议 TKE 值为 160 cm2/s2，以吸引在入口管中停留时间较长的银鲈和澳大利亚鲈鱼幼鱼。

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来源期刊

Ecological Engineering 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

8.00

自引率

5.30%

发文量

293

审稿时长

57 days

期刊介绍： Ecological engineering has been defined as the design of ecosystems for the mutual benefit of humans and nature. The journal is meant for ecologists who, because of their research interests or occupation, are involved in designing, monitoring, or restoring ecosystems, and can serve as a bridge between ecologists and engineers. Specific topics covered in the journal include: habitat reconstruction; ecotechnology; synthetic ecology; bioengineering; restoration ecology; ecology conservation; ecosystem rehabilitation; stream and river restoration; reclamation ecology; non-renewable resource conservation. Descriptions of specific applications of ecological engineering are acceptable only when situated within context of adding novelty to current research and emphasizing ecosystem restoration. We do not accept purely descriptive reports on ecosystem structures (such as vegetation surveys), purely physical assessment of materials that can be used for ecological restoration, small-model studies carried out in the laboratory or greenhouse with artificial (waste)water or crop studies, or case studies on conventional wastewater treatment and eutrophication that do not offer an ecosystem restoration approach within the paper.