Granular Cooling of Uni-Sized Inelastic Particles in an Obstructed Chute

IF 4.6 1区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Solange V. Mendes, Rui M. L. Ferreira, Rui Aleixo, Michele Larcher, Sílvia Amaral
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Abstract

This research aims to experimentally characterize cooling, clogging and jamming of a dry granular flow in a chute partially obstructed by a stopping wall with two slits adjacent to the side walls. We ensemble-average velocities, determined with Particle Tracking Velocimetry, and its fluctuations, to compute mean flow and granular temperature fields. Full chute-wide jamming is triggered by the formation of stable arch-like clogging structures in front of the slits. The statistical distribution of the clogging instant is not heavy-tailed, which indicates that clogging occurs only when the flow through the slits is liquid-like. An upstream-progressing jamming wave eventually forms, similar to that observed in fully obstructed chutes. There is no triple point anywhere, since the flow cools down to a granular liquid before jamming. We identified three main stages of jamming wave propagation. The initial buildup is characterized by high values of the upstream Froude number, slow progression, and transformation of kinetic into potential energy. This occurs with significant granular head losses, as particles attempt to flow over the jam. In the second stage, accretion becomes dominant, characterized by smaller head losses and, consequently, higher values of the jamming wave celerity. In the third stage, the jamming wave propagates against a cooler but faster flow that pushes against the jam, slightly increasing the wave strength. Accretion is the main mechanism of jammed mass increase, justifying a further increase of wave acceleration. The macroscopic aspects of the jamming wave dynamics can be described, as a first approximation, by shallow-water theory.
单一尺寸非弹性粒子在受阻滑道中的粒状冷却
本研究旨在通过实验描述干燥颗粒流在滑道中的冷却、阻塞和堵塞情况,滑道部分被侧壁上的两个狭缝阻挡。我们利用粒子跟踪测速仪测定的集合平均速度及其波动来计算平均流场和颗粒温度场。在狭缝前形成稳定的拱形堵塞结构会引发整个狭缝范围内的全面堵塞。堵塞瞬间的统计分布不是重尾分布,这表明只有当通过狭缝的流体呈液态时才会发生堵塞。最终会形成逆流而上的堵塞波,类似于在完全阻塞的溜槽中观察到的堵塞波。在任何地方都不存在三重点,因为在堵塞之前,流体会冷却成颗粒状液体。我们确定了干扰波传播的三个主要阶段。最初的积聚阶段的特点是上游弗劳德数值高、进展缓慢以及动能转化为势能。当颗粒试图流过堵塞物时,会产生大量颗粒水头损失。在第二阶段,吸积占主导地位,其特点是水头损失较小,因此干扰波的速度值较高。在第三阶段,干扰波在较冷但较快的水流中传播,水流推动干扰波,使波的强度略有增加。挤压是堵塞质量增加的主要机制,从而进一步提高了波的加速度。作为第一近似值,干扰波动态的宏观方面可以用浅水理论来描述。
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来源期刊
Water Resources Research
Water Resources Research 环境科学-湖沼学
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
13.00%
发文量
599
审稿时长
3.5 months
期刊介绍: Water Resources Research (WRR) is an interdisciplinary journal that focuses on hydrology and water resources. It publishes original research in the natural and social sciences of water. It emphasizes the role of water in the Earth system, including physical, chemical, biological, and ecological processes in water resources research and management, including social, policy, and public health implications. It encompasses observational, experimental, theoretical, analytical, numerical, and data-driven approaches that advance the science of water and its management. Submissions are evaluated for their novelty, accuracy, significance, and broader implications of the findings.
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