Narwhal (Monodon monoceros) associations with Greenland summer meltwater release

IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Ecosphere Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI:10.1002/ecs2.70024
Kristin L. Laidre, Marie J. Zahn, Malene Simon, Michael Ladegaard, Kathleen M. Stafford, Elizabeth Phillips, Twila Moon, Harry L. Stern, Benjamin Cohen
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Abstract

Climate change is rapidly transforming the coastal margins of Greenland. At the same time, there is increasing recognition that marine-terminating glaciers provide unique and critical habitats to ice-associated top predators. We investigated the connection between a top predator occupying glacial fjord systems in Northwest Greenland and the properties of Atlantic-origin water and marine-terminating glaciers through a multiyear interdisciplinary project. Using passive acoustic monitoring, we quantified the summer presence and autumn departure of narwhals (Monodon monoceros) at glacier fronts in Melville Bay and modeled what glacier fjord physical attributes are associated with narwhal occurrence. We found that narwhals are present at glacier fronts after Greenland Ice Sheet peak summer runoff and they remain there during the period when the water column is becoming colder and fresher. Narwhals occupied glacier fronts when ocean temperatures ranged from −0.6 to 0.8°C and salinities between 33.2 and 34.0 psu at around 200 m depth and they departed on their southbound migration between October and November. Narwhals' departure was approximately 4 weeks later in 2019 than in 2018, after an extreme 2019 summer heatwave event that also delayed sea ice formation by 2 months. Our study provides further support for the niche conservative narwhal's preference for cold ocean temperatures. These results may inform projections about how future changes will impact narwhal subpopulations, especially those occupying Greenland glacial fjords.

Abstract Image

鸣鲸(Monodon monoceros)与格陵兰夏季融水释放的关系
气候变化正在迅速改变格陵兰岛的海岸边缘。与此同时,越来越多的人认识到,海洋末端冰川为与冰相关的顶级食肉动物提供了独特而重要的栖息地。我们通过一个为期多年的跨学科项目,研究了占据格陵兰西北部冰川峡湾系统的顶级食肉动物与大西洋源水和海洋末端冰川特性之间的联系。通过被动声学监测,我们量化了独角鲸(Monodon monoceros)在梅尔维尔湾冰川前沿的夏季出现和秋季离开的情况,并模拟了冰川峡湾的物理属性与独角鲸出现的关联。我们发现,格陵兰冰盖夏季径流高峰过后,冰川前沿就会出现独角鲸,而且在水体变冷和变清新期间,独角鲸仍会停留在冰川前沿。当海洋温度在零下 0.6 到 0.8 摄氏度之间、盐度在 33.2 到 34.0 psu 之间、水深在 200 米左右时,冰川前沿就会有成鲸出现,它们在 10 月到 11 月间离开冰川前沿向南迁徙。2019年的成鲸出发时间比2018年晚了约4周,此前还发生了2019年夏季的极端热浪事件,海冰的形成也推迟了2个月。我们的研究进一步证实了独角鲸偏好寒冷海洋温度的利基保守性。这些结果可为预测未来变化将如何影响独角鲸亚种群,尤其是占据格陵兰冰川峡湾的独角鲸亚种群提供信息。
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来源期刊
Ecosphere
Ecosphere ECOLOGY-
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
3.70%
发文量
378
审稿时长
15 weeks
期刊介绍: The scope of Ecosphere is as broad as the science of ecology itself. The journal welcomes submissions from all sub-disciplines of ecological science, as well as interdisciplinary studies relating to ecology. The journal''s goal is to provide a rapid-publication, online-only, open-access alternative to ESA''s other journals, while maintaining the rigorous standards of peer review for which ESA publications are renowned.
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