{"title":"Modeling Mass Transfer Kinetics and Thermodynamic Properties of Ultrasonically Pretreated and Untreated Apple Slices During Air-Frying","authors":"Mohammad Fikry, Mohamed Tagrida, Esraa Mousa, Ebtihal Khojah, Huda Aljumayi, Saleh Al-Ghamdi, Kazunori Kadota, Achmat Sarifudin","doi":"10.1111/jfpe.14745","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n <p>The combination of pretreatment with ultrasonic technology and air-frying could improve the quality and efficiency of apple slice processing. This research aimed to explore how ultrasonic treatment prior to frying and varying temperatures during air-frying impact the drying and thermodynamic characteristics of apple slices. The study also aimed to assess mathematical models that explain the moisture transfer kinetics and to numerically simulate the moisture distribution in apple slices during air-frying operation. The results revealed that the moisture content and water activity (<i>a</i><sub>w</sub>) of apple slices consistently decreased with longer frying times, regardless of the temperature. The mathematical models' precision was confirmed through regression analysis, which accurately represented the dynamics of moisture transfer, activation energy (<i>E</i><sub>a</sub>), and Gibbs free energy (Δ<i>G</i>) throughout the frying process. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the two-term (exponential) model was effective in predicting moisture transfer in apple slices throughout air-frying process, while the spatial distribution of moisture was successfully illustrated by the diffusion model under different conditions. Additionally, numerical simulations showed that moisture removal is faster at higher frying temperatures, and ultrasonic pretreatment led to a shorter frying time. Ultrasonic pretreatment combined with higher frying temperatures led to reduced differential enthalpy, along with an increased effective moisture diffusivity and Gibbs free energy difference. These findings are essential for improving and optimizing the frying process in food manufacturing.</p>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":15932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Process Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Food Process Engineering","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jfpe.14745","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The combination of pretreatment with ultrasonic technology and air-frying could improve the quality and efficiency of apple slice processing. This research aimed to explore how ultrasonic treatment prior to frying and varying temperatures during air-frying impact the drying and thermodynamic characteristics of apple slices. The study also aimed to assess mathematical models that explain the moisture transfer kinetics and to numerically simulate the moisture distribution in apple slices during air-frying operation. The results revealed that the moisture content and water activity (aw) of apple slices consistently decreased with longer frying times, regardless of the temperature. The mathematical models' precision was confirmed through regression analysis, which accurately represented the dynamics of moisture transfer, activation energy (Ea), and Gibbs free energy (ΔG) throughout the frying process. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the two-term (exponential) model was effective in predicting moisture transfer in apple slices throughout air-frying process, while the spatial distribution of moisture was successfully illustrated by the diffusion model under different conditions. Additionally, numerical simulations showed that moisture removal is faster at higher frying temperatures, and ultrasonic pretreatment led to a shorter frying time. Ultrasonic pretreatment combined with higher frying temperatures led to reduced differential enthalpy, along with an increased effective moisture diffusivity and Gibbs free energy difference. These findings are essential for improving and optimizing the frying process in food manufacturing.
期刊介绍:
This international research journal focuses on the engineering aspects of post-production handling, storage, processing, packaging, and distribution of food. Read by researchers, food and chemical engineers, and industry experts, this is the only international journal specifically devoted to the engineering aspects of food processing. Co-Editors M. Elena Castell-Perez and Rosana Moreira, both of Texas A&M University, welcome papers covering the best original research on applications of engineering principles and concepts to food and food processes.