Detection of vaccine-derived poliovirus type-3 in sewage of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Q3 Medicine

Clinical Infection in Practice Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI:10.1016/j.clinpr.2024.100388

Rachana Mehta , Amrendra Kushwaha , Sanjit Sah , Jack Feehan , Vasso Apostolopoulos

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Abstract

Enteroviruses include polioviruses, which are classified into three types: type 1, type 2, and type 3. The oral polio vaccine (OPV), which contains attenuated strains of these three types, has been pivotal in reducing polio incidence worldwide. However, OPV can lead to vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) cases, including circulating VDPV1 (cVDPV1), cVDPV2, and cVDPV3. In contrast, the inactivated or ‘killed’ polio vaccine (IPV), effectively prevents poliomyelitis without the risk of causing cVDPV cases. On 26 May 2024, a novel mutated form of poliovirus was detected in sewage samples from Kathmandu, Nepal, indicating an ongoing risk of poliovirus reintroduction and transmission. This finding highlights the importance of robust surveillance and containment measures. Historically, the Salk vaccine (IPV) and the Sabin vaccine (OPV) have been used against poliovirus, each with its advantages and limitations. Moving forward, it is necessary to replace OPV with genetically modified OPV, or new IPV formulations. Enhanced vaccination strategies and continued surveillance are crucial for achieving complete poliovirus eradication and preventing future outbreaks.

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在尼泊尔加德满都谷地的污水中检测到疫苗衍生的 3 型脊髓灰质炎病毒

肠道病毒包括脊髓灰质炎病毒，分为三种类型：1 型、2 型和 3 型。口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（OPV）含有这三种类型的减毒株，在降低全球脊髓灰质炎发病率方面发挥了关键作用。然而，口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗会导致疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒（VDPV）病例，包括循环 VDPV1（cVDPV1）、cVDPV2 和 cVDPV3。相比之下，灭活或 "杀死 "脊髓灰质炎疫苗（IPV）可有效预防脊髓灰质炎，而不会有引起 cVDPV 病例的风险。2024 年 5 月 26 日，在尼泊尔加德满都的污水样本中检测到一种新型变异脊髓灰质炎病毒，这表明脊髓灰质炎病毒仍有重新引入和传播的风险。这一发现凸显了强有力的监控和遏制措施的重要性。历史上，人们一直使用索尔克疫苗（IPV）和萨宾疫苗（OPV）来预防脊髓灰质炎病毒，这两种疫苗各有优势和局限性。展望未来，有必要用转基因 OPV 或新的 IPV 配方取代 OPV。强化疫苗接种策略和持续监测对于实现彻底根除脊灰病毒和防止未来疫情爆发至关重要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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