Electric vehicles: Battery technologies, charging standards, AI communications, challenges, and future directions

IF 7.1 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI:10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100751

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Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) have gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve energy efficiency. An EV’s main source of power is its battery, which plays a crucial role in determining the vehicle’s overall performance and sustainability. The purpose of this paper is to examine the advancements in battery technology associated with EVs and the various charging standards applicable to EVs. Additionally, the most common types of automotive batteries are described and compared. Moreover, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in EVs has been discussed. Finally, the challenges associated with EV battery development, as well as suggestions for improvement, are discussed. According to the study, Lithium-ion batteries are the most common in EVs due to their high energy density, long lifespan, and cost-effectiveness, despite their temperature sensitivity. Other battery types, like lead-acid and nickel-based, vary in efficiency, but are less commonly used in modern EVs. Solid-state batteries are seen as the future for their higher energy density and faster charging, though they face challenges like flammability. Wireless charging technology, still in development, promises superior convenience and sustainability than traditional methods. AI improves EV performance through enhanced battery management, autonomous driving, vehicle-to-grid communication, etc. Overcoming challenges like battery recycling, metal scarcity, and charging infrastructure will be crucial for the widespread adoption of EVs. This will be supported by government policies and battery technology innovations.

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电动汽车：电池技术、充电标准、人工智能通信、挑战和未来方向

近年来，电动汽车（EV）因其减少温室气体排放和提高能源效率的潜力而备受关注。电动汽车的主要动力来源是电池，它在决定汽车的整体性能和可持续性方面起着至关重要的作用。本文旨在研究与电动汽车相关的电池技术进步以及适用于电动汽车的各种充电标准。此外，本文还对最常见的汽车电池类型进行了描述和比较。此外，还讨论了人工智能（AI）在电动汽车中的应用。最后，还讨论了与电动汽车电池开发相关的挑战以及改进建议。研究显示，尽管锂离子电池对温度敏感，但由于其能量密度高、寿命长、成本效益高，因此在电动汽车中最为常见。其他类型的电池，如铅酸电池和镍基电池，效率各不相同，但在现代电动汽车中较少使用。固态电池因其能量密度更高、充电速度更快而被视为未来的发展方向，不过它们也面临着易燃性等挑战。无线充电技术仍处于开发阶段，但与传统方法相比，它具有更高的便利性和可持续性。人工智能通过加强电池管理、自动驾驶、车对电网通信等提高电动汽车的性能。克服电池回收、金属稀缺和充电基础设施等挑战对于电动汽车的广泛应用至关重要。这将得到政府政策和电池技术创新的支持。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Energy Conversion and Management-X Multiple-

CiteScore

8.80

自引率

3.20%

发文量

180

审稿时长

58 days

期刊介绍： Energy Conversion and Management: X is the open access extension of the reputable journal Energy Conversion and Management, serving as a platform for interdisciplinary research on a wide array of critical energy subjects. The journal is dedicated to publishing original contributions and in-depth technical review articles that present groundbreaking research on topics spanning energy generation, utilization, conversion, storage, transmission, conservation, management, and sustainability. The scope of Energy Conversion and Management: X encompasses various forms of energy, including mechanical, thermal, nuclear, chemical, electromagnetic, magnetic, and electric energy. It addresses all known energy resources, highlighting both conventional sources like fossil fuels and nuclear power, as well as renewable resources such as solar, biomass, hydro, wind, geothermal, and ocean energy.