Hanwen Liu, Wenhui Shi, Yaqing Guo, Yunjie Mei, Yi Rao, Jinli Chen, Shijing Liu, Cheng Lin, Anmin Nie, Qi Wang, Yifei Yuan, Bao Yu Xia, Yonggang Yao
{"title":"Supersaturated Doping-Induced Maximized Metal–Support Interaction for Highly Active and Durable Oxygen Evolution","authors":"Hanwen Liu, Wenhui Shi, Yaqing Guo, Yunjie Mei, Yi Rao, Jinli Chen, Shijing Liu, Cheng Lin, Anmin Nie, Qi Wang, Yifei Yuan, Bao Yu Xia, Yonggang Yao","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.4c09249","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Metal–support interaction (MSI) is pivotal and ubiquitously used in the development of next-generation catalysts, offering a pathway to enhance both catalytic activity and stability. However, owing to the lattice mismatch and poor solubility, traditional catalysts often exhibit a metal-on-support heterogeneous structure with limited interfaces and interaction and, consequently, a compromised enhancement of properties. Herein, we report a universal and tunable method for supersaturated doping of transition-metal carbides via strongly nonequilibrium carbothermal shock synthesis, characterized by rapid heating and swift quenching. Our results enable ∼20 at. % Ni<sub>2</sub>FeCo doping in Mo<sub>2</sub>C, significantly surpassing the thermodynamic equilibrium limit of <3 at. %. The supersaturation ensures more catalytically active NiFeCo doping and sufficient interaction with Mo<sub>2</sub>C, resulting in the maximized MSI (Max-MSI) effect. The Max-MSI enables outstanding activity and particularly stability in alkaline oxygen evolution reaction, showing an overpotential of 284 mV at 100 mA cm<sup>–2</sup> and stable for 700 h, while individual Ni<sub>2</sub>FeCo and Mo<sub>2</sub>C only last less than 70 and 10 h (completely dissolved), respectively. In particular, the SD-Mo<sub>2</sub>C catalyst also exhibits excellent durability at 100 mA cm<sup>–2</sup> for up to 400 h in 7 M KOH. Such a significantly improved stability is attributed to the supersaturated doping that led to each Mo atom strongly binding with adjacent heteroatoms, thus elevating the dissolution potential and corrosion resistance of Mo<sub>2</sub>C at a high current density. Additionally, the highly dispersed NiFeCo also facilitates the formation of dense oxyhydroxide coating during reconstruction, further protecting the integrated catalysts for durable operation. Furthermore, the synthesis has been successfully scaled up to fabricate large (16 cm<sup>2</sup>) electrodes and is adaptable to nickel foam substrates, indicating promising industrial applications. Our strategy allows the general and versatile production of various highly doped transition-metal carbides, such as Ni<sub>2</sub>FeCo-doped TiC, NbC, and W<sub>2</sub>C, thus unlocking the potential of maximized or adjustable MSI for diverse catalytic applications.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":15.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"ACS Nano","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c09249","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Metal–support interaction (MSI) is pivotal and ubiquitously used in the development of next-generation catalysts, offering a pathway to enhance both catalytic activity and stability. However, owing to the lattice mismatch and poor solubility, traditional catalysts often exhibit a metal-on-support heterogeneous structure with limited interfaces and interaction and, consequently, a compromised enhancement of properties. Herein, we report a universal and tunable method for supersaturated doping of transition-metal carbides via strongly nonequilibrium carbothermal shock synthesis, characterized by rapid heating and swift quenching. Our results enable ∼20 at. % Ni2FeCo doping in Mo2C, significantly surpassing the thermodynamic equilibrium limit of <3 at. %. The supersaturation ensures more catalytically active NiFeCo doping and sufficient interaction with Mo2C, resulting in the maximized MSI (Max-MSI) effect. The Max-MSI enables outstanding activity and particularly stability in alkaline oxygen evolution reaction, showing an overpotential of 284 mV at 100 mA cm–2 and stable for 700 h, while individual Ni2FeCo and Mo2C only last less than 70 and 10 h (completely dissolved), respectively. In particular, the SD-Mo2C catalyst also exhibits excellent durability at 100 mA cm–2 for up to 400 h in 7 M KOH. Such a significantly improved stability is attributed to the supersaturated doping that led to each Mo atom strongly binding with adjacent heteroatoms, thus elevating the dissolution potential and corrosion resistance of Mo2C at a high current density. Additionally, the highly dispersed NiFeCo also facilitates the formation of dense oxyhydroxide coating during reconstruction, further protecting the integrated catalysts for durable operation. Furthermore, the synthesis has been successfully scaled up to fabricate large (16 cm2) electrodes and is adaptable to nickel foam substrates, indicating promising industrial applications. Our strategy allows the general and versatile production of various highly doped transition-metal carbides, such as Ni2FeCo-doped TiC, NbC, and W2C, thus unlocking the potential of maximized or adjustable MSI for diverse catalytic applications.
期刊介绍:
ACS Nano, published monthly, serves as an international forum for comprehensive articles on nanoscience and nanotechnology research at the intersections of chemistry, biology, materials science, physics, and engineering. The journal fosters communication among scientists in these communities, facilitating collaboration, new research opportunities, and advancements through discoveries. ACS Nano covers synthesis, assembly, characterization, theory, and simulation of nanostructures, nanobiotechnology, nanofabrication, methods and tools for nanoscience and nanotechnology, and self- and directed-assembly. Alongside original research articles, it offers thorough reviews, perspectives on cutting-edge research, and discussions envisioning the future of nanoscience and nanotechnology.