Impact of chromium substitution on structural, spectroscopic, and dielectric properties of Ba4Ni2Fe36O60 ceramics

IF 5.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Ceramics International Pub Date : 2024-12-15 DOI:10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.121

Sikandar Hayat , Muhammad Azhar Khan , Raqiqa Tur Rasool , Haya Alhummiany , Ghulam Abbas Ashraf , Muhammad Junaid , Muhammad Arshad , Hisham S.M. Abd-Rabboh , Zahra Bayhan

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Abstract

Cr-substituted Ni₂U hexaferrite series (Ba₄Ni₂Fe_36-xCr_xO₆₀for x = 0.0 to x = 2.0 with a step size of 0.5) was prepared via sol-gel auto-combustion route and annealed at 1200 °C for 6 h. The samples were investigated using XRD, FTIR, SEM, XPS, and high frequency (1 MHz–6 GHz) dielectric and microwave absorption measurements (VNA). XRD studies revealed that Cr³⁺ ions successfully substituted in BaNi₂U-type hexaferrite and have a single-phase structure. The average crystallite size decreased while the percentage of porosity increased with the substitution. FTIR spectra confirmed the formation of the hexaferrite phase in all compositions. SEM micrographs revealed that the prepared samples are hexagonal. XPS spectra show the presence of all constituent elements in the samples. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and A.C. conductivity of samples was analyzed. Cole-Cole plots with single semicircles of different radii show the grain and grain boundaries affecting the conduction process. Moreover, Cr-substitution enhanced the microwave absorption capability. The hexaferrite sample Ba₄Ni₂Fe₃₅ Cr_1.0O₆₀, with a pellet thickness of 1.81 mm, showed the highest M.W. absorption at 1.09 GHz frequency with a reflection loss (R.L.) value of −55 dB. The hexagonal-shaped morphology, high porosity, and enhanced reflection loss value suggest their use in high-frequency microwave applications.

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铬替代对 Ba4Ni2Fe36O60 陶瓷的结构、光谱和介电特性的影响

通过溶胶-凝胶自燃烧路线制备了铬取代的 Ni2U 六价铁氧体系列（Ba4Ni2Fe36-xCrxO60，x = 0.0 至 x = 2.0，步长为 0.5），并在 1200 ˚C 下退火 6 小时。使用 XRD、傅立叶变换红外光谱、扫描电镜、XPS 以及高频（1MHz 至 6 GHz）介电和微波吸收测量 (VNA) 对样品进行了研究。XRD 研究表明，Cr3+ 离子成功地取代了 BaNi2U 型六价铁氧体，并具有单相结构。随着替代的进行，平均晶粒尺寸减小，而孔隙率增加。傅立叶变换红外光谱证实了在所有成分中都形成了六铁氧体相。扫描电镜显微照片显示制备的样品呈六角形。XPS 光谱显示样品中存在所有组成元素。分析了样品的介电常数、介电损耗和 A.C.电导率。不同半径的单半圆科尔-科尔图显示了影响传导过程的晶粒和晶界。此外，铬的添加增强了微波吸收能力。颗粒厚度为 1.81mm 的六方铁氧体 Ba4Ni2Fe35 Cr1.0O60 样品在 1.09 GHz 频率下的微波吸收率最高，反射损耗（R.L.）值为 -55 dB。六角形的形态、高孔隙率和更高的反射损耗值表明它们可用于高频微波应用。

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来源期刊

Ceramics International 工程技术-材料科学：硅酸盐

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

15.40%

发文量

4558

审稿时长

25 days

期刊介绍： Ceramics International covers the science of advanced ceramic materials. The journal encourages contributions that demonstrate how an understanding of the basic chemical and physical phenomena may direct materials design and stimulate ideas for new or improved processing techniques, in order to obtain materials with desired structural features and properties. Ceramics International covers oxide and non-oxide ceramics, functional glasses, glass ceramics, amorphous inorganic non-metallic materials (and their combinations with metal and organic materials), in the form of particulates, dense or porous bodies, thin/thick films and laminated, graded and composite structures. Process related topics such as ceramic-ceramic joints or joining ceramics with dissimilar materials, as well as surface finishing and conditioning are also covered. Besides traditional processing techniques, manufacturing routes of interest include innovative procedures benefiting from externally applied stresses, electromagnetic fields and energetic beams, as well as top-down and self-assembly nanotechnology approaches. In addition, the journal welcomes submissions on bio-inspired and bio-enabled materials designs, experimentally validated multi scale modelling and simulation for materials design, and the use of the most advanced chemical and physical characterization techniques of structure, properties and behaviour. Technologically relevant low-dimensional systems are a particular focus of Ceramics International. These include 0, 1 and 2-D nanomaterials (also covering CNTs, graphene and related materials, and diamond-like carbons), their nanocomposites, as well as nano-hybrids and hierarchical multifunctional nanostructures that might integrate molecular, biological and electronic components.