{"title":"A thermo-optical test device utilizing the 100-m x-ray test facility","authors":"Jia Ma, Yusa Wang, Zijian Zhao, Dongjie Hou, Juan Wang, Xiongtao Yang, Yuxuan Zhu, Jianchao Feng, Xiaofan Zhao, Weiwei Cui, Yanji Yang, Yong Chen, Xiaofeng Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10686-024-09959-3","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>X-ray mirror modules are the core components of X-ray astronomy research, which can focus X-rays from space and significantly improve detection sensitivity. This X-ray optical device are typically composed of nested multiple mirror shells and require maintaining a constant working temperature. Due to the thin-walled structure of the mirror shells and the fact that the inner surface reflects X-rays, direct contact temperature control is not feasible, making temperature control challenging. To evaluate the thermo-optical performance of the mirrors, based on the 100-m X-ray Test Facility (100XF) of the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), a thermo-optical test device with high cleanliness was developed in this study. This system enables precise control of the mirror temperature and synchronous testing of X-ray performance, establishing the unique X-ray thermo-optical testing capability in China. The system consists of a high cleanliness level thermal sink, a liquid nitrogen circuit, multi-layer insulation, a temperature controller, and low-temperature probes. This system has demonstrated the capability to test the thermo-optical performance of X-ray mirror modules and has successfully conducted thermo-optical tests on the mirror module of the follow-up X-ray telescope (FXT) payload onboard the Einstein Probe (EP), achieving precise temperature control of the X-ray mirrors and testing its X-ray optical performance at different operating temperatures. The thermo-optical performance of the mirror module obtained from the thermal tests has been verified in-orbit. This paper provides a detailed description of the design, development, and validation of this system, as well as an overview of the results of the thermo-optical tests conducted on the FXT.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":551,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Astronomy","volume":"58 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Experimental Astronomy","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10686-024-09959-3","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
X-ray mirror modules are the core components of X-ray astronomy research, which can focus X-rays from space and significantly improve detection sensitivity. This X-ray optical device are typically composed of nested multiple mirror shells and require maintaining a constant working temperature. Due to the thin-walled structure of the mirror shells and the fact that the inner surface reflects X-rays, direct contact temperature control is not feasible, making temperature control challenging. To evaluate the thermo-optical performance of the mirrors, based on the 100-m X-ray Test Facility (100XF) of the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), a thermo-optical test device with high cleanliness was developed in this study. This system enables precise control of the mirror temperature and synchronous testing of X-ray performance, establishing the unique X-ray thermo-optical testing capability in China. The system consists of a high cleanliness level thermal sink, a liquid nitrogen circuit, multi-layer insulation, a temperature controller, and low-temperature probes. This system has demonstrated the capability to test the thermo-optical performance of X-ray mirror modules and has successfully conducted thermo-optical tests on the mirror module of the follow-up X-ray telescope (FXT) payload onboard the Einstein Probe (EP), achieving precise temperature control of the X-ray mirrors and testing its X-ray optical performance at different operating temperatures. The thermo-optical performance of the mirror module obtained from the thermal tests has been verified in-orbit. This paper provides a detailed description of the design, development, and validation of this system, as well as an overview of the results of the thermo-optical tests conducted on the FXT.
X 射线镜面模块是 X 射线天文学研究的核心部件，可以聚焦来自太空的 X 射线，并显著提高探测灵敏度。这种 X 射线光学设备通常由嵌套的多个镜壳组成，需要保持恒定的工作温度。由于镜壳的薄壁结构和内表面反射 X 射线的事实，直接接触式温度控制并不可行，因此温度控制具有挑战性。为了评估反射镜的热光学性能，本研究以高能物理研究所（IHEP）的 100 米 X 射线测试设备（100XF）为基础，开发了一种高洁净度的热光学测试装置。该系统实现了镜面温度的精确控制和 X 射线性能的同步测试，建立了国内独有的 X 射线热光学测试能力。该系统由高洁净度散热器、液氮回路、多层绝缘体、温度控制器和低温探头组成。该系统已具备X射线镜面模块的热光学性能测试能力，并成功对爱因斯坦探测器（EP）搭载的后续X射线望远镜（FXT）有效载荷的镜面模块进行了热光学测试，实现了对X射线镜面的精确温度控制，测试了其在不同工作温度下的X射线光学性能。通过热测试获得的反射镜模块的热光学性能已在轨道上得到验证。本文详细介绍了该系统的设计、开发和验证，并概述了在 FXT 上进行的热光学测试的结果。
期刊介绍：
Many new instruments for observing astronomical objects at a variety of wavelengths have been and are continually being developed. Furthermore, a vast amount of effort is being put into the development of new techniques for data analysis in order to cope with great streams of data collected by these instruments.
Experimental Astronomy acts as a medium for the publication of papers of contemporary scientific interest on astrophysical instrumentation and methods necessary for the conduct of astronomy at all wavelength fields.
Experimental Astronomy publishes full-length articles, research letters and reviews on developments in detection techniques, instruments, and data analysis and image processing techniques. Occasional special issues are published, giving an in-depth presentation of the instrumentation and/or analysis connected with specific projects, such as satellite experiments or ground-based telescopes, or of specialized techniques.
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