Geospatial variation in carbon accounting of hydrogen production and implications for the US Inflation Reduction Act

IF 49.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI:10.1038/s41560-024-01653-0

Valeria Vallejo, Quoc Nguyen, Arvind P. Ravikumar

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Abstract

Low-carbon hydrogen is considered a key component of global energy system decarbonization strategy. The US Inflation Reduction Act incentivizes low-carbon hydrogen production through tax credits that vary based on life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions intensity of hydrogen. Blue hydrogen or hydrogen produced from natural gas coupled with carbon capture and sequestration is one such pathway. Here we develop a geospatial, measurement-informed model to estimate supply-chain specific life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions intensity of blue hydrogen produced with natural gas sourced from the Marcellus and Permian shale basins. We find that blue hydrogen production using Permian gas has a life-cycle emissions intensity of 7.4‚Äâkg‚Äâcarbon dioxide equivalent per kg hydrogen (kgCO₂e‚Äâkg^‚àí1‚ÄâH₂), more than twice that of hydrogen produced using Marcellus gas of 3.3‚ÄâkgCO₂e‚Äâkg^‚àí1‚ÄâH₂. Eligibility for tax credits should therefore be based on life-cycle assessments that are supply-chain specific and measurement informed to ensure blue hydrogen projects are truly low carbon.

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制氢碳核算的地理空间差异及对《美国通货膨胀削减法》的影响

低碳氢被认为是全球能源系统去碳化战略的关键组成部分。美国《减少通货膨胀法》通过税收减免激励低碳氢气生产，税收减免根据氢气的生命周期温室气体排放强度而有所不同。蓝色氢气或利用天然气生产的氢气与碳捕集与封存技术相结合，就是这样一种途径。在此，我们开发了一个地理空间测量模型，以估算利用马塞勒斯和二叠纪页岩盆地的天然气生产蓝氢的供应链特定生命周期温室气体排放强度。我们发现，使用二叠纪天然气生产的蓝色氢气的生命周期排放强度为每千克氢气 7.4 千克二氧化碳当量（kgCO2e'Äâkg'àí1'ÄâH2），是使用马塞勒斯天然气生产的氢气 3.3 千克二氧化碳当量（kgCO2e'Äâkg'àí1'ÄâH2）的两倍多。因此，税收抵免的资格应建立在生命周期评估的基础上，生命周期评估应针对供应链并进行测量，以确保蓝色氢能项目是真正的低碳项目。

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来源期刊

Nature Energy Energy-Energy Engineering and Power Technology

CiteScore

75.10

自引率

1.10%

发文量

193

期刊介绍： Nature Energy is a monthly, online-only journal committed to showcasing the most impactful research on energy, covering everything from its generation and distribution to the societal implications of energy technologies and policies. With a focus on exploring all facets of the ongoing energy discourse, Nature Energy delves into topics such as energy generation, storage, distribution, management, and the societal impacts of energy technologies and policies. Emphasizing studies that push the boundaries of knowledge and contribute to the development of next-generation solutions, the journal serves as a platform for the exchange of ideas among stakeholders at the forefront of the energy sector. Maintaining the hallmark standards of the Nature brand, Nature Energy boasts a dedicated team of professional editors, a rigorous peer-review process, meticulous copy-editing and production, rapid publication times, and editorial independence. In addition to original research articles, Nature Energy also publishes a range of content types, including Comments, Perspectives, Reviews, News & Views, Features, and Correspondence, covering a diverse array of disciplines relevant to the field of energy.