{"title":"Genetic Characterization of Canine morbillivirus (Canine Distemper Virus) Field Strains in Dogs, Chile, 2022–2023","authors":"Naomi Ariyama, Belén Agüero, Benjamín Bennett, Constanza Urzúa, Felipe Berrios, Claudio Verdugo, Víctor Neira","doi":"10.1155/2024/9993255","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n <p>Canine distemper virus (CDV) poses a significant threat to dogs and wildlife worldwide, and this study sought to provide an updated genetic characterization of CDV field strains in Chile during 2022–2023. We collected samples from 52 suspected CDV cases in domestic dogs and detected viral RNA through real-time RT-PCR in 28 dogs (54%). Factors like age and vaccination status were determinants of CDV positivity, with young adult and unvaccinated dogs facing a higher infection risk. We isolated CDV from positive samples in VeroDogSLAM cells. From these isolates and direct samples, we obtained sequences and estimated the phylogeny based on gene H. CDV isolates from nasal and conjunctival swabs exhibited cytopathic effects, and sequence analysis unveiled a substantial genetic diversity among the strains. Chilean CDV strains demonstrated a genetic distance to vaccine strains of approximately 10%, antigenic-change-related amino acid substitutions, and novel putative glycosylation sites. In the phylogeny, Chilean CDV field strains clustered into two lineages, Europe/South America-1 and North/South America-4, indicating the emergence of the North/South America-4 lineage in Chile and underscoring the genetic complexity of CDV in the country. Interestingly, certain Chilean viruses shared a close common ancestor with Brazilian and Peruvian viruses, suggesting viral spreading patterns. Further investigations are warranted to comprehend the potential antigenic implications of these genetically diverse CDV strains.</p>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":234,"journal":{"name":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/9993255","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2024/9993255","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"INFECTIOUS DISEASES","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) poses a significant threat to dogs and wildlife worldwide, and this study sought to provide an updated genetic characterization of CDV field strains in Chile during 2022–2023. We collected samples from 52 suspected CDV cases in domestic dogs and detected viral RNA through real-time RT-PCR in 28 dogs (54%). Factors like age and vaccination status were determinants of CDV positivity, with young adult and unvaccinated dogs facing a higher infection risk. We isolated CDV from positive samples in VeroDogSLAM cells. From these isolates and direct samples, we obtained sequences and estimated the phylogeny based on gene H. CDV isolates from nasal and conjunctival swabs exhibited cytopathic effects, and sequence analysis unveiled a substantial genetic diversity among the strains. Chilean CDV strains demonstrated a genetic distance to vaccine strains of approximately 10%, antigenic-change-related amino acid substitutions, and novel putative glycosylation sites. In the phylogeny, Chilean CDV field strains clustered into two lineages, Europe/South America-1 and North/South America-4, indicating the emergence of the North/South America-4 lineage in Chile and underscoring the genetic complexity of CDV in the country. Interestingly, certain Chilean viruses shared a close common ancestor with Brazilian and Peruvian viruses, suggesting viral spreading patterns. Further investigations are warranted to comprehend the potential antigenic implications of these genetically diverse CDV strains.
期刊介绍：
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases brings together in one place the latest research on infectious diseases considered to hold the greatest economic threat to animals and humans worldwide. The journal provides a venue for global research on their diagnosis, prevention and management, and for papers on public health, pathogenesis, epidemiology, statistical modeling, diagnostics, biosecurity issues, genomics, vaccine development and rapid communication of new outbreaks. Papers should include timely research approaches using state-of-the-art technologies. The editors encourage papers adopting a science-based approach on socio-economic and environmental factors influencing the management of the bio-security threat posed by these diseases, including risk analysis and disease spread modeling. Preference will be given to communications focusing on novel science-based approaches to controlling transboundary and emerging diseases. The following topics are generally considered out-of-scope, but decisions are made on a case-by-case basis (for example, studies on cryptic wildlife populations, and those on potential species extinctions):
Pathogen discovery: a common pathogen newly recognised in a specific country, or a new pathogen or genetic sequence for which there is little context about — or insights regarding — its emergence or spread.
Prevalence estimation surveys and risk factor studies based on survey (rather than longitudinal) methodology, except when such studies are unique. Surveys of knowledge, attitudes and practices are within scope.
Diagnostic test development if not accompanied by robust sensitivity and specificity estimation from field studies.
Studies focused only on laboratory methods in which relevance to disease emergence and spread is not obvious or can not be inferred (“pure research” type studies).
Narrative literature reviews which do not generate new knowledge. Systematic and scoping reviews, and meta-analyses are within scope.
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