How Does Organized Convection Impact Explicitly Resolved Cloud Feedbacks in the Radiative-Convective Equilibrium Model Intercomparison Project?

IF 4.4 2区 地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
Catherine L. Stauffer, Allison A. Wing
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Abstract

In simulations of radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE), and with sufficiently large domains, organized convection enhances top of atmosphere outgoing longwave radiation due to the reduced cloud coverage and drying of the mean climate state. As a consequence, estimates of climate sensitivity and cloud feedbacks may be affected. Here, we use a multi-model ensemble configured in RCE to study the dependence of explicitly calculated cloud feedbacks on the existence of organized convection, the degree to which convection within a domain organizes, and the change in organized convection with warming sea surface temperature. We find that, when RCE simulations with organized convection are compared to RCE simulations without organized convection, the propensity for convection to organize in RCE causes cloud feedbacks to have larger magnitudes due to the inclusion of low clouds, accompanied by a much larger inter-model spread. While we find no dependence of the cloud feedback on changes in organization with warming, models that are, on average, more organized have less positive, or even negative, cloud feedbacks. This is primarily due to changes in cloud optical depth in the shortwave, specifically high clouds thickening with warming in strongly organized domains. The shortwave cloud optical depth feedback also plays an important role in causing the tropical anvil cloud area feedback to be positive which is directly opposed to the expected negative or near zero cloud feedback found in prior work.

Abstract Image

有组织对流如何影响辐射对流平衡模型相互比较项目中明确解决的云反馈?
在辐射-对流平衡(RCE)模拟中,在足够大的域内,由于云层覆盖减少和平均气候状态的干燥,有组织对流会增强大气顶部的出射长波辐射。因此,对气候敏感性和云反馈的估计可能会受到影响。在这里,我们利用 RCE 配置的多模式集合,研究了显式计算的云反馈对有组织对流的存在、域内对流的组织程度以及有组织对流随海面温度变暖的变化的依赖性。我们发现,当将有组织对流的 RCE 模拟与无组织对流的 RCE 模拟进行比较时,RCE 中对流的组织倾向由于包含低云而导致云反馈的幅度更大,同时模型间的差异也更大。虽然我们发现云反馈与气候变暖引起的对流组织变化无关,但平均而言,组织程度较高的模式,其云反馈的正值较小,甚至为负值。这主要是由于短波云光学深度的变化,特别是在组织性强的区域,高云会随着气候变暖而变厚。短波云光学深度反馈在导致热带砧云面积反馈为正方面也发挥了重要作用,这与之前工作中发现的预期负云反馈或接近零云反馈直接相反。
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来源期刊
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES-
CiteScore
11.40
自引率
11.80%
发文量
241
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems (JAMES) is committed to advancing the science of Earth systems modeling by offering high-quality scientific research through online availability and open access licensing. JAMES invites authors and readers from the international Earth systems modeling community. Open access. Articles are available free of charge for everyone with Internet access to view and download. Formal peer review. Supplemental material, such as code samples, images, and visualizations, is published at no additional charge. No additional charge for color figures. Modest page charges to cover production costs. Articles published in high-quality full text PDF, HTML, and XML. Internal and external reference linking, DOI registration, and forward linking via CrossRef.
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