Strategic pathways for offshore wind in Mexico: Geospatial insights and economic viability toward energy sustainability

Abstract

In the quest for sustainable energy solutions in developing nations, this investigation leverages advanced geospatial analysis to explore the expansive potential for offshore wind energy within Mexico’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). By meticulously accounting for geographic and depth-related constraints, the study assesses the feasibility of implementing both fixed-bottom and floating wind energy technologies. Revealing an offshore wind capacity of 1,609.7 GW, capable of producing an estimated 12,688 TWh annually, our analysis highlights the capacity to exceed Mexico’s current energy consumption by thirty-three-fold. Significantly, it determines that 58% of the evaluated maritime area is suitable for floating technologies, while 42% could support fixed-bottom installations. Economic evaluations, including the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) analysis, suggest a competitive price range of 63 to 241 USD/MWh, positioning offshore wind as a viable alternative to conventional and hydroelectric power sources. Although the study identifies considerable potential, it also exposes significant infrastructural challenges in Mexico’s electrical grid, which pose barriers to the effortless integration of offshore wind technology. The findings underscore the urgent need for infrastructural improvements and strategic policy modifications to maximize the use of Mexico’s plentiful offshore wind resources. Additionally, the research stresses the critical role of international cooperation, through North-South partnerships, in expediting the shift toward renewable energy sources.