Optimizing nitrogen application patterns and amounts to improve maize yield and water-nitrogen use efficiencies in the Loess Plateau of China: A meta-analysis

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Field Crops Research Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109599

Rui Yin, Xiaobo Gu, Zhikai Cheng, Wenlong Li, Yuming Wang, Tongtong Zhao, Wenjing Cai, Yadan Du, Huanjie Cai

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Abstract

Context or problem

There is an urgent need to address the contradiction between maize production and soil nutrient shortages to achieve efficient maize production with minimum fertilizer, labor and environmental costs. Determination of rational Nitrogen (N) application patterns is the key to solving this problem.

Objective or research question

N application is an effective strategy to improve maize N uptake (NU), yield and water use efficiency (WUE). However, the effects of different N application patterns on maize NU, yield and WUE vary greatly, and it is difficult to determine the great-yield and high-efficiency N application pattern for maize in the Loess Plateau region according to a single experimental study.

Methods

We synthesized 102 studies (102 sites) in the Loess Plateau region of China to evaluate the effects of different N application patterns (BU: basal urea; TU: basal and topdressing urea; S/C: slow/controlled release urea; S/CU: slow/controlled release urea mixed with normal urea) on maize NU, yield, WUE, and N use efficiency (NUE), and explored their responses to different climates, soil physicochemical properties, and field management practices.

Results

N application significantly increased the maize NU, yield and WUE. S/CU pattern significantly improved maize NU, yield and WUE the most with 110.74 %, 83.13 % and 86.21 %, respectively, compared to non-N application. S/C pattern showed the greatest increase in NUE of maize (3.47 %). Random forest analysis showed that growing season precipitation (GSP) was the most important determinant of the impact of N fertilizer application on maize NU, yield and WUE, while soil total nitrogen (TN) content was the most important determinant of maize NUE. The greatest increase in S/CU pattern yield and WUE enhanced when GSP and MAT were 200–400 mm and ≤ 10 °C, respectively. N application was more effective in increasing maize yield and WUE when the soil texture was clay loam and SOM < 10 g kg⁻¹. Film mulching also further increased maize NU, yield, and WUE. In addition, variety of “Xianyu 335” had higher effect sizes for NU, yield and WUE than “Zhengdan 958”.

Conclusions

S/CU pattern obtained greater maize yield and WUE with lower fertilizer and labor costs, the suitable rate of nitrogen application was determined to be 165.20 kg ha⁻¹ and the urea mix ratio was 65 %.

Implications or significance

The results would provide theoretical support and technical guidance for great-yield and high-efficiency green production of maize in the Loess Plateau of China.

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优化施氮模式和施氮量，提高中国黄土高原玉米产量和水氮利用效率：荟萃分析

背景或问题迫切需要解决玉米生产与土壤养分短缺之间的矛盾，从而以最低的肥料、劳动力和环境成本实现高效玉米生产。确定合理的施氮（N）模式是解决这一问题的关键。目标或研究问题施氮是提高玉米氮吸收量（NU）、产量和水分利用效率（WUE）的有效策略。然而，不同施氮模式对玉米氮吸收量、产量和水分利用效率的影响差异很大，很难根据单一的试验研究确定黄土高原地区玉米的高产高效施氮模式。方法我们综合了中国黄土高原地区的102项研究（102个点），评估了不同施氮模式（BU：基施尿素；TU：基施和表施尿素；S/C：缓控释尿素；S/CU：缓控释尿素与普通尿素混合施用）对玉米氮素单位面积、产量、水分利用率和氮素利用效率（NUE）的影响，并探讨了它们对不同气候、土壤理化性质和田间管理措施的响应。结果施用氮能明显提高玉米氮素单位、产量和水分利用效率。与不施用氮肥相比，S/CU 模式对玉米营养单位、产量和水分利用效率的提高最大，分别为 110.74 %、83.13 % 和 86.21 %。S/C 模式对玉米氮利用效率的提高最大（3.47%）。随机森林分析表明，生长季降水量（GSP）是决定施用氮肥对玉米NU、产量和WUE影响的最重要因素，而土壤全氮（TN）含量是决定玉米NUE的最重要因素。当 GSP 和 MAT 分别为 200-400 mm 和 ≤ 10 °C 时，S/CU 模式产量和 WUE 的增幅最大。当土壤质地为粘壤土、SOM < 10 g kg-1 时，施氮能更有效地提高玉米产量和水分利用效率。地膜覆盖也进一步提高了玉米的氮素单位、产量和WUE。结论S/CU 模式以较低的肥料成本和劳动力成本获得了较高的玉米产量和WUE，确定适宜的施氮量为 165.20 kg ha-1，尿素混合比例为 65%。

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来源期刊

Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

9.60

自引率

12.10%

发文量

307

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.