Shah Zeb , Saira Naz , Zaheen Ullah Khan , Waheed Ullah Khan , Muhammad Imran , Ahmed Uddin , Riming Hu , Muhammad Umair , Xuchuan Jiang , Yongxiang Gao
{"title":"Shape controlled synthesis and crystal facet dependent gas sensitivity of tungsten oxide","authors":"Shah Zeb , Saira Naz , Zaheen Ullah Khan , Waheed Ullah Khan , Muhammad Imran , Ahmed Uddin , Riming Hu , Muhammad Umair , Xuchuan Jiang , Yongxiang Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2024.105182","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gas sensors can achieve remarkable functionality through the optimization of particle size, shapes, crystal facets, and oxygen defects, resulting in unsaturated coordination atoms, high charge densities, and enhanced bond energies. In this study, WO<sub>2.72</sub> nanourchins, WO<sub>3-x</sub> nanowires, and WO<sub>3</sub> nanorods/nanocube with (010), (001), (200), and (002) dominant crystal facets were synthesized and used as gas sensing materials. It was found that WO<sub>2.72</sub> nanourchins exhibit an excellent response of R<sub>a</sub>/R<sub>g</sub>=21 to 100 ppm acetone with good selectivity among other sensors as-fabricated. First-principle calculations of Density Functional Theory were performed on acetone's adsorption on different crystal planes of tungsten oxide. The results verify spontaneous and fast adsorption on the (010) crystal plane than on the (001) and (200) planes. Further characterizations indicate that WO<sub>2.72</sub> nanourchins with (010) crystal facets contain more reactive sites with high surface energy, facilitating charge separation, increasing charge carrier mobility, and enabling the redox reactions to occur independently at different rates. Moreover, their richer electron-donor surface oxygen defects, smaller feature sizes, and higher surface area (S<sub>BET</sub>) with hierarchical porous structures, all contribute to the enhanced acetone sensing. Our work provides a strategy for improved acetone sensing based on optimizing the particle shape with different crystal facets and oxygen vacancy density. We further expect our strategy to be applicable in designing other sensor materials with efficient charge separation and fast surface redox reactions to detect toxic gases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 105182"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Surfaces and Interfaces","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468023024013385","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Gas sensors can achieve remarkable functionality through the optimization of particle size, shapes, crystal facets, and oxygen defects, resulting in unsaturated coordination atoms, high charge densities, and enhanced bond energies. In this study, WO2.72 nanourchins, WO3-x nanowires, and WO3 nanorods/nanocube with (010), (001), (200), and (002) dominant crystal facets were synthesized and used as gas sensing materials. It was found that WO2.72 nanourchins exhibit an excellent response of Ra/Rg=21 to 100 ppm acetone with good selectivity among other sensors as-fabricated. First-principle calculations of Density Functional Theory were performed on acetone's adsorption on different crystal planes of tungsten oxide. The results verify spontaneous and fast adsorption on the (010) crystal plane than on the (001) and (200) planes. Further characterizations indicate that WO2.72 nanourchins with (010) crystal facets contain more reactive sites with high surface energy, facilitating charge separation, increasing charge carrier mobility, and enabling the redox reactions to occur independently at different rates. Moreover, their richer electron-donor surface oxygen defects, smaller feature sizes, and higher surface area (SBET) with hierarchical porous structures, all contribute to the enhanced acetone sensing. Our work provides a strategy for improved acetone sensing based on optimizing the particle shape with different crystal facets and oxygen vacancy density. We further expect our strategy to be applicable in designing other sensor materials with efficient charge separation and fast surface redox reactions to detect toxic gases.
期刊介绍:
The aim of the journal is to provide a respectful outlet for ''sound science'' papers in all research areas on surfaces and interfaces. We define sound science papers as papers that describe new and well-executed research, but that do not necessarily provide brand new insights or are merely a description of research results.
Surfaces and Interfaces publishes research papers in all fields of surface science which may not always find the right home on first submission to our Elsevier sister journals (Applied Surface, Surface and Coatings Technology, Thin Solid Films)