Characteristics of antimony mineralization in the Yangla polymetallic deposit, northwestern Yunnan, SW China: Insights from calcite Sm-Nd dating and C-O-Sr isotopes

IF 3.2 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY

Ore Geology Reviews Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106266

Xinfu Wang , Bo Li , Shucheng Tan , Guo Tang , Zuopeng Xiang , Yuedong Liu

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Abstract

Calcite is the main gangue mineral in antimony (Sb) deposits, and its compositions can reflect the physicochemical conditions of Sb mineralization. The Yangla is the largest Sb deposit (10 kt Sb @ 14.87 %) in the Jinshajiang suture zone (SW China), and the lode-type Sb orebodies are stratabound or developed along NE-trending fracture zones in marble. To constrain the time of Sb mineralization and establish any genetic link with the local magmatism and wallrocks, we performed calcite Sm-Nd dating and bulk C-O and in-situ Sr isotope analyses. The results show that the Sb mineralization (∼155 Ma) was considerably younger than the Cu-Pb-Zn mineralization (∼230 Ma), skarn alteration (∼234 Ma), and granitoid emplacement (∼230 Ma) at Yangla, but much older than the local W mineralization (∼30 Ma). The initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of calcite (0.71972–0.72208) is much higher than that of the Triassic granodiorite (0.71149– 0.71990) and Carboniferous basalt (0.70562–0.70995), suggesting mixed source of calcite from the ore fluids and Devonian wallrocks. The ore-related calcite has δ¹³C_PDB (−4.53 to − 2.33 ‰) and δ¹⁸O_SMOW (+14.98 to + 16.30 ‰) values that fall between the granite and marine carbonate isotopic fields. This suggests that the ore-forming fluid may be related to the low-temperature alteration of granites and marine carbonate dissolution. Simulated precipitation temperature calculation for the ore-related calcite yielded 200–150 °C, and the calcite C-O isotopes suggest that fluid mixing, fluid-rock interactions, and CO₂ degassing may have precipitated the stibnite in the fracture zones under low-temperature conditions. Our new geochemical results and published data suggest that the Yangla polymetallic mineralization was multiphase, comprising the Indosinian Cu-Pb-Zn (∼230 Ma), Yanshanian Sb (∼155 Ma), and Himalayan W-Sb (∼30 Ma) metallogenic events.

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中国西南部云南西北部羊拉多金属矿床锑矿化特征：方解石 Sm-Nd 测定和 C-O-Sr 同位素的启示

方解石是锑（Sb）矿床的主要煤矸石矿物，其成分可反映锑矿化的物理化学条件。羊拉锑矿是金沙江缝合带（中国西南部）最大的锑矿床（10 kt Sb @ 14.87 %），锭型锑矿体在大理岩中呈层状或沿东北向断裂带发育。为了确定锑成矿的时间，并建立与当地岩浆岩和壁岩之间的遗传联系，我们进行了方解石 Sm-Nd 测定以及大块 C-O 和原位 Sr 同位素分析。结果表明，锑矿化（155Ma∼）比羊拉的铜铅锌矿化（230Ma∼）、矽卡岩蚀变（234Ma∼）和花岗岩成岩（230Ma∼）要年轻得多，但比当地的钨矿化（30Ma∼）要早得多。方解石的初始87Sr/86Sr比值（0.71972-0.72208）远高于三叠系花岗闪长岩（0.71149-0.71990）和石炭纪玄武岩（0.70562-0.70995），表明方解石来源于矿液和泥盆纪岩壁。与矿石相关的方解石的δ13CPDB（-4.53 至 -2.33‰）和δ18OSMOW（+14.98 至 +16.30‰）值介于花岗岩和海洋碳酸盐同位素场之间。这表明成矿流体可能与花岗岩低温蚀变和海相碳酸盐溶解有关。与矿石有关的方解石的模拟沉淀温度计算结果为 200-150 °C，方解石的 C-O 同位素表明，流体混合、流体-岩石相互作用和二氧化碳脱气可能在低温条件下沉淀了断裂带中的闪长岩。我们新的地球化学结果和已发表的数据表明，羊拉多金属成矿作用是多相的，包括印支期铜-铅-锌（230 Ma∼）、燕山期锑（155 Ma∼）和喜马拉雅W-锑（30 Ma∼）成矿事件。

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来源期刊

Ore Geology Reviews 地学-地质学

CiteScore

6.50

自引率

27.30%

发文量

546

审稿时长

22.9 weeks

期刊介绍： Ore Geology Reviews aims to familiarize all earth scientists with recent advances in a number of interconnected disciplines related to the study of, and search for, ore deposits. The reviews range from brief to longer contributions, but the journal preferentially publishes manuscripts that fill the niche between the commonly shorter journal articles and the comprehensive book coverages, and thus has a special appeal to many authors and readers.