Pseudomonas consortium improves soil health and alleviates cadmium (Cd) toxicity in Brassica juncea L. via biochemical and in silico approaches

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI:10.1016/j.stress.2024.100611

Tamanna Bhardwaj , Ruby Singh , Harpreet Singh , Rajendra Bhanwaria , Sumit G. Gandhi , Renu Bhardwaj , Ajaz Ahmad , Parvaiz Ahmad

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The exponential rise in Cd in the environment has raised concerns for its adequate remediation worldwide. Its non-biodegradable nature and highly migratory feature make it more toxic. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have shown great potential in the remediation of Cd-polluted agricultural lands. PGPR is comparatively efficient, convenient and economical. PGPR application enhances plant growth and development by conferring direct and indirect benefits. This study aimed to evaluate bacterial strains, Pseudomonas putida (Pp) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf), for their PGPR traits, soil physiochemical analyses, and physiological and anatomical traits of B. juncea under Cd stress. Results showed that both microbial strains shared positive interaction and had minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 0.8mM and 0.6mM values for Pp and Pf respectively. P. fluorescens displayed better anti-phytopathogenic activity against pathogenic fungal strains (Alterneria brassicae, Alterneria brassicola, Verticillium longisporum, Fusarium oxysporum) than P. putida. They also synthesised plant growth regulators (PGRs) such as IAA (0.146,0.156μg/ml) and GA (2.062, 2.074 μg/ml). The co-inoculation of strains improved soil organic C, P, N, and K by 283.01 %, 100.42 %, 8.89 % and 40.38 %. Also, the interactive effect of Pp and Pf recovered dry matter content (DMC) by 18.13 % in comparison to Cd-stressed plants. Moreover, the strains reduced Cd-induced H₂O₂ production by DAB (340.38’-3’ diaminobenzidine) staining and hence restored membrane integrity. Also, in Cd-treated B. juncea plants, the anatomical characteristics were negatively affected. However, inoculated strains induce maximum recovery as indicated by well-developed vascular elements. Genes associated with PGPR traits were mined from the NCBI database. The information compiled thereafter indicated that the genes, galU, CadR, and pgl were responsible for biofilm formation, Cd resistance and lactone synthesis. In conclusion, we reported a promising consortium having PGPR traits, that improve soil and B. juncea health under Cd toxicities. Hence, the use of such bioinoculants can be a safer substitute for chemical fertilizers.

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假单胞菌群通过生化和硅学方法改善土壤健康并减轻甘蓝中的镉（Cd）毒性

镉在环境中的指数式增长引起了全世界对其适当补救措施的关注。镉的不可生物降解性和高度迁移性使其毒性更大。植物生长促进根瘤菌（PGPR）在修复受镉污染的农田方面显示出巨大的潜力。PGPR 比较高效、方便和经济。PGPR 的应用可直接或间接地促进植物的生长和发育。本研究旨在评估细菌菌株--腐生假单胞菌（Pp）和荧光假单胞菌（Pf）--在镉胁迫下的 PGPR 特性、土壤理化分析以及君子兰的生理解剖特性。结果表明，这两种微生物菌株具有正交互作用，Pp 和 Pf 的最低抑制浓度（MIC）分别为 0.8mM 和 0.6mM。与 P. putida 相比，P. fluorescens 对致病真菌菌株（Alterneria brassicae、Alterneria brassicola、Verticillium longisporum、Fusarium oxysporum）具有更好的抗植物病原菌活性。它们还能合成植物生长调节剂（PGRs），如 IAA（0.146、0.156 μg/ml）和 GA（2.062、2.074 μg/ml）。菌株的联合接种使土壤有机碳、磷、氮和钾的含量分别提高了 283.01 %、100.42 %、8.89 % 和 40.38 %。此外，与镉胁迫植物相比，Pp 和 Pf 的交互效应使干物质含量（DMC）提高了 18.13%。此外，通过 DAB（340.38'-3'二氨基联苯胺）染色，这些菌株减少了 Cd 诱导的 H2O2 生成，从而恢复了膜的完整性。此外，镉处理过的君子兰植株的解剖特征也受到了负面影响。然而，接种的菌株能诱导最大程度的恢复，这表现在维管元素发育良好。从 NCBI 数据库中挖掘了与 PGPR 特性相关的基因。随后汇编的信息表明，galU、CadR 和 pgl 基因负责生物膜形成、抗镉和内酯合成。总之，我们报告了一个具有 PGPR 特性的有前途的联合体，它能在镉毒性条件下改善土壤和君子兰的健康状况。因此，使用这种生物接种剂可以更安全地替代化肥。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Plant Stress PLANT SCIENCES-

CiteScore

5.20

自引率

8.00%

发文量

审稿时长

63 days

期刊介绍： The journal Plant Stress deals with plant (or other photoautotrophs, such as algae, cyanobacteria and lichens) responses to abiotic and biotic stress factors that can result in limited growth and productivity. Such responses can be analyzed and described at a physiological, biochemical and molecular level. Experimental approaches/technologies aiming to improve growth and productivity with a potential for downstream validation under stress conditions will also be considered. Both fundamental and applied research manuscripts are welcome, provided that clear mechanistic hypotheses are made and descriptive approaches are avoided. In addition, high-quality review articles will also be considered, provided they follow a critical approach and stimulate thought for future research avenues. Plant Stress welcomes high-quality manuscripts related (but not limited) to interactions between plants and: Lack of water (drought) and excess (flooding), Salinity stress, Elevated temperature and/or low temperature (chilling and freezing), Hypoxia and/or anoxia, Mineral nutrient excess and/or deficiency, Heavy metals and/or metalloids, Plant priming (chemical, biological, physiological, nanomaterial, biostimulant) approaches for improved stress protection, Viral, phytoplasma, bacterial and fungal plant-pathogen interactions. The journal welcomes basic and applied research articles, as well as review articles and short communications. All submitted manuscripts will be subject to a thorough peer-reviewing process.