Links between atmospheric aerosols and sea state in the Arctic Ocean

IF 4.2 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Alireza Moallemi , Alberto Alberello , Iris Thurnherr , Guangyu Li , Zamin A. Kanji , Filippo Bergamasco , Roman Pohorsky , Filippo Nelli , Alessandro Toffoli , Julia Schmale
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Sea spray emission is the largest mass flux of aerosols to the atmosphere with important impact on atmospheric radiative transfer. However, large uncertainties still exit in constraining this mass flux and its climate forcing, in particular in the Arctic, where sea ice and relatively low wind speed in summer constitute a significantly different regime compared to the global ocean. Sea state conditions and marine boundary layer stability are also critical variables, but their contribution is often overlooked. Here we present concurrent observations of sea state using a novel stereo camera system, of sea spray through coarse mode aerosols, and of meteorological variables to determine boundary layer stability in the Barents and Kara Seas during the 2021 Arctic Century Expedition. Our findings reveal that aerosol concentrations were highest over open waters, closely correlating with wave height, followed by wind speed, wave steepness, and wave age. Notably, these correlations were stronger under unstable marine boundary layer conditions, reflecting immediate sea spray generation. By analysing various combinations of sea and atmospheric variables, we identified the wave height Reynolds number as the most effective indicator of atmospheric sea spray concentration, explaining 57% of its variability in unstable conditions. Our study underscores the need to consider sea state, wind, and boundary layer conditions together to accurately estimate atmospheric sea spray concentrations in the Arctic.

Abstract Image

北冰洋大气气溶胶与海况之间的联系
海雾排放是大气中最大的气溶胶通量,对大气辐射传输具有重要影响。然而,在制约这种质量通量及其气候强迫方面仍然存在很大的不确定性,特别是在北极地区,那里的海冰和夏季相对较低的风速构成了与全球海洋明显不同的制度。海况条件和海洋边界层稳定性也是关键变量,但它们的作用往往被忽视。在此,我们介绍在 2021 年北极世纪考察期间,利用新型立体摄像系统对海况、通过粗模气溶胶对海雾以及气象变量进行的同步观测,以确定巴伦支海和喀拉海的边界层稳定性。我们的研究结果表明,开放水域的气溶胶浓度最高,与波高密切相关,其次是风速、波陡和波龄。值得注意的是,在不稳定的海洋边界层条件下,这些相关性更强,反映了海雾的直接生成。通过分析海洋和大气变量的各种组合,我们发现波高雷诺数是大气海雾浓度的最有效指标,可解释不稳定条件下海雾浓度变化的 57%。我们的研究强调,需要综合考虑海况、风和边界层条件,以准确估计北极大气中的海雾浓度。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Atmospheric Environment
Atmospheric Environment 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
9.40
自引率
8.00%
发文量
458
审稿时长
53 days
期刊介绍: Atmospheric Environment has an open access mirror journal Atmospheric Environment: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review. Atmospheric Environment is the international journal for scientists in different disciplines related to atmospheric composition and its impacts. The journal publishes scientific articles with atmospheric relevance of emissions and depositions of gaseous and particulate compounds, chemical processes and physical effects in the atmosphere, as well as impacts of the changing atmospheric composition on human health, air quality, climate change, and ecosystems.
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