Consumption patterns of grains/cereals, vegetables and fruits and its association with glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; A cross sectional study

Q3 Nursing

Clinical Nutrition Open Science Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI:10.1016/j.nutos.2024.09.008

Mariam John Munyogwa , Festo Phineas Maregesi

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Abstract

Background & aims

The world is experiencing steady increasing in both number of cases and prevalence of diabetes with urban settings being more affected areas. Good adherence to dietary management is a key non-pharmacological management for effective management of blood glucose for people living with type 2 diabetes. For effective glycemic control, people with diabetes are recommended to eat less carbohydrates (quarter plate size), more fruits and vegetables (half plate size) and more lean protein (quarter plate size). This study aims to assess the consumption patterns of grains/cereals, vegetable and fruits and its association with glycemic control among people living with diabetes.

Materials & Methods

The study design was a cross sectional among outpatients attending routine diabetic clinics. Structured questionnaire was used to collect information from the patient through face to face interview. Demographic information, dietary history and selected medical history were collected from patients. Data analysis was done by running the frequencies, percentages, chi-square test and logistics regression at 95% confidence interval.

Results

About 109 (33.1%) of respondents were aged less than 40 years. One hundred and fifty-two respondents had been living with diabetes for less than past 5 years 152 (46.2%). More than 80% of the respondents had uncontrolled glycemic. Daily consumption patterns of grains/cereals food were (90.0%), vegetables (97.3%) and fruits (33.4%). Plate portion size consumed were; ≤¼ for grains/cereals (50.5%), ≥¼ for vegetables (96.4%) and ≥¼ for fruits (30.7%). The most types of food consumed were legumes (85.1%), whole grains/cereals (57.1%), leafy green vegetables (70.2%) and low GI fruits (59.9%). The odds of having hyperglycaemia were; increasing with increase in portion size of grains/cereals food (ref: one fifth; one quarter, AOR = 10.22; one third, AOR = 47.19; one half or more, AOR = 42.91); increasing with consumption of high GI fruits (AOR = 2.40) and decreasing with increase in portion size of fruits (AOR = 3.13).

Conclusion

Grains/cereals, vegetables and fruits consumption pattern among patient with type 2 diabetes need to improve to achieve optimal blood glucose. Reducing staples portion sizes (grains/cereals), increases portion size for mixed fruits, eating whole grains/cereals and choosing of low GI fruits may help to curb the severity of hyperglycemia among patients with T2DM.

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2 型糖尿病患者的谷物、蔬菜和水果消费模式及其与血糖控制的关系；一项横断面研究

背景& 目的全球糖尿病病例数和患病率都在稳步上升，而城市地区是糖尿病的高发区。对于 2 型糖尿病患者来说，坚持良好的饮食管理是有效控制血糖的关键非药物疗法。为有效控制血糖，建议糖尿病患者少吃碳水化合物（四分之一盘子大小），多吃水果和蔬菜（半个盘子大小），多吃瘦肉蛋白（四分之一盘子大小）。本研究旨在评估糖尿病患者食用谷物、蔬菜和水果的模式及其与血糖控制的关系。采用结构化问卷，通过面对面访谈收集患者信息。收集了患者的人口统计学信息、饮食史和部分病史。数据分析采用频率、百分比、卡方检验和95%置信区间的物流回归法。152 名受访者患糖尿病的时间不足 5 年 152 人（46.2%）。超过 80% 的受访者血糖未得到控制。受访者每天食用的谷物食品占 90.0%，蔬菜占 97.3%，水果占 33.4%。餐盘份量为：五谷杂粮≤1/4（50.5%），蔬菜≥1/4（96.4%），水果≥1/4（30.7%）。摄入最多的食物种类是豆类（85.1%）、全谷物/谷类（57.1%）、绿叶蔬菜（70.2%）和低 GI 水果（59.9%）。出现高血糖的几率随着谷物/杂粮食物份量的增加而增加（参考：五分之一；四分之一，AOR = 10.22；三分之一，AOR = 47.19；二分之一或以上，AOR = 42.91）；随着食用高 GI 水果的增加而增加（AOR = 2.40），随着水果份量的增加而减少（AOR = 3.13）。减少主食（谷物）的份量、增加混合水果的份量、食用全谷物和选择低 GI 水果可能有助于抑制 T2DM 患者高血糖的严重程度。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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