Meta-optics empowered by all-silicon quarter-wave plates for generating focused vortex beams

IF 4.6 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Hui Li , Jie Li , Chenhui Zhao , Chenglong Zheng , Hang Xu , Wenhui Xu , Qi Tan , Chunyu Song , Yun Shen , Jianquan Yao
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Abstract

The Poynting vector associated with the focused vortex beam (FVB) that carries orbital angular momentum (OAM) is oriented in a twisted manner relative to the principal axis of propagation. This characteristic has significant applications in advanced fields, including high-dimensional information processing, high-resolution imaging, and particle manipulation. Currently, complex optical systems that operate on alignment principles for generating FVBs have been miniaturized by metasurfaces, resulting in the achievement of polarization-dependent vectorized behavior. Nevertheless, generating and manipulating FVBs that carry OAM in the terahertz (THz) range remains a significant challenge. This difficulty arises particularly when utilizing quarter-wave plates (QWPs) that serve both polarization conversion and polarization filtering functions. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a planar all-dielectric array capable of generating FVBs with high power density within a single-handed circularly polarized channel. Engineered QWP meta-atoms are utilized as candidates for the efficient generation of the desired FVB through the application of dynamic phase gradients. A series of samples were fabricated to assess the effectiveness of this design strategy in converting an incident linearly polarized THz beam into arbitrary single-handed circularly polarized FVBs. Leveraging the high degree of freedom inherent in polarization multiplexing coding, the proposed QWP metasurface can generate FVBs exhibiting topological charge evolution along the longitudinal direction. This capability further underscores its robust polarization modulation proficiency. This work presents a generalized framework for the polarization-dependent generation of ultracompact structural optical fields, which may have potential applications in highly integrated THz communication systems.

Abstract Image

利用全硅四分之一波板产生聚焦涡流光束的元光学技术
与携带轨道角动量(OAM)的聚焦涡流束(FVB)相关的波因特矢量相对于传播主轴是以扭曲的方式定向的。这一特性在高维信息处理、高分辨率成像和粒子操纵等先进领域有着重要应用。目前,利用对准原理产生 FVB 的复杂光学系统已经通过元表面实现了微型化,从而实现了偏振相关的矢量化行为。然而,在太赫兹(THz)范围内生成和操纵携带 OAM 的 FVB 仍然是一项重大挑战。尤其是在利用同时具有偏振转换和偏振滤波功能的四分之一波板(QWP)时,这种困难就更大了。在此,我们通过实验展示了一种平面全介质阵列,它能够在单手圆极化通道内产生高功率密度的 FVB。通过应用动态相位梯度,工程化 QWP 元原子被用作高效生成所需 FVB 的候选材料。我们制作了一系列样品,以评估这种设计策略在将入射线性极化太赫兹光束转换为任意单手圆极化 FVB 方面的有效性。利用极化复用编码固有的高自由度,所提出的 QWP 元表面可以产生沿纵向呈现拓扑电荷演化的 FVB。这种能力进一步凸显了其强大的极化调制能力。这项研究提出了一个根据偏振产生超小型结构光场的通用框架,它可能会在高度集成的太赫兹通信系统中得到潜在应用。
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来源期刊
Chinese Journal of Physics
Chinese Journal of Physics 物理-物理:综合
CiteScore
8.50
自引率
10.00%
发文量
361
审稿时长
44 days
期刊介绍: The Chinese Journal of Physics publishes important advances in various branches in physics, including statistical and biophysical physics, condensed matter physics, atomic/molecular physics, optics, particle physics and nuclear physics. The editors welcome manuscripts on: -General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, etc.- Gravitation and Astrophysics- Elementary Particles and Fields- Nuclear Physics- Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics- Quantum Information and Quantum Computation- Fluid Dynamics, Nonlinear Dynamics, Chaos, and Complex Networks- Plasma and Beam Physics- Condensed Matter: Structure, etc.- Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.- Polymer, Soft Matter, Biological, and Interdisciplinary Physics. CJP publishes regular research papers, feature articles and review papers.
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