Analysis of LST, NDVI, and UHI patterns for urban climate using Landsat-9 satellite data in Delhi

IF 1.8 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI:10.1016/j.jastp.2024.106359

Bilal Ahmad , Mohammad Bareeq Najar , Shamshad Ahmad

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The present study is based on remote sensing techniques focusing on Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to investigate their influence on land use and land cover dynamics, and the assessment of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect in Delhi, India. The objective of this study is to calculate LST, NDVI, and UHI values to understand the changes in LULC patterns, urbanization, and temperature increase within the city. Unlike previous studies conducted with Landsat-8, the present study employs Landsat-9 data, ensuring a higher level of authenticity in the results. Landsat-9, equipped with state-of-the-art sensors and instrumentation, provides superior data quality, enhanced image resolution, and advanced capabilities for precise monitoring and analysis. The methodology encompasses six steps for LST retrieval, enabling the calculation of UHI values and intensity. Ground data from 32 meteorological stations validate the LST results. Pearson correlation coefficients between LST and NDVI exhibit correlations ranging from −0.58 to −0.68 for three dates. On Dec 8, 2023, there is a weak negative correlation of −0.004. The analysis of changing land cover with variation in NDVI and LST unveils a diverse landscape, primarily characterised by green cover (47.34%), followed by built-up area (44.57%), barren land (7.57%), and water (0.52%). The study identifies the minimum value of UHI intensity for Delhi to be 8.13 °C on 26-Feb 2023 and the maximum value of UHI was estimated 10.29 °C on 2-June 2023. The study of Urban Heat Island (UHI) patterns revealed distinctive seasonal trends. The urban areas exhibited relatively cooler temperatures compared to surrounding rural regions on Dec 8, 2023. The conclusion drawn from this comprehensive analysis is that rapid urbanization in Delhi has significantly contributed to the increase in LST and UHI values. This rise can largely be attributed to the extensive use of concrete in construction activities, which exacerbates the UHI effect. Moreover, this analysis signifies the dynamic nature of UHI and emphasizes the urgency for strategic urban planning and climate-sensitive design approaches. Implementing such measures can create more sustainable and resilient urban environments.

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利用 Landsat-9 卫星数据分析德里城市气候的 LST、NDVI 和 UHI 模式

本研究基于遥感技术，重点关注印度德里的地表温度（LST）和归一化植被指数（NDVI），以调查它们对土地利用和土地覆被动态的影响，并评估城市热岛（UHI）效应。本研究的目的是计算 LST、NDVI 和 UHI 值，以了解城市内 LULC 模式、城市化和气温上升的变化。与以往使用 Landsat-8 进行的研究不同，本研究使用了 Landsat-9 数据，以确保研究结果具有更高的真实性。Landsat-9 配备了最先进的传感器和仪器，数据质量上乘，图像分辨率更高，具有精确监测和分析的先进能力。该方法包括六个 LST 检索步骤，可计算出 UHI 值和强度。来自 32 个气象站的地面数据验证了 LST 结果。LST 与 NDVI 之间的皮尔逊相关系数在三个日期显示出 -0.58 至 -0.68 的相关性。在 2023 年 12 月 8 日，两者之间存在-0.004 的微弱负相关。通过对随 NDVI 和 LST 变化而变化的土地覆被进行分析，发现了一个多样化的地貌景观，其主要特征是绿色覆被（47.34%），其次是建筑区（44.57%）、贫瘠土地（7.57%）和水域（0.52%）。研究发现，2023 年 2 月 26 日德里的 UHI 强度最小值为 8.13 °C，2023 年 6 月 2 日的 UHI 最大值估计为 10.29 °C。城市热岛（UHI）模式研究揭示了独特的季节性趋势。与周边农村地区相比，2023 年 12 月 8 日城市地区的气温相对较低。综合分析得出的结论是，德里的快速城市化在很大程度上导致了 LST 和 UHI 值的上升。这种上升在很大程度上归因于建筑活动中大量使用混凝土，从而加剧了 UHI 效应。此外，这项分析表明了 UHI 的动态性质，并强调了战略性城市规划和气候敏感性设计方法的紧迫性。实施这些措施可以创造更可持续和更具弹性的城市环境。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 地学-地球化学与地球物理

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

5.30%

发文量

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics (JASTP) is an international journal concerned with the inter-disciplinary science of the Earth''s atmospheric and space environment, especially the highly varied and highly variable physical phenomena that occur in this natural laboratory and the processes that couple them. The journal covers the physical processes operating in the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, ionosphere, magnetosphere, the Sun, interplanetary medium, and heliosphere. Phenomena occurring in other "spheres", solar influences on climate, and supporting laboratory measurements are also considered. The journal deals especially with the coupling between the different regions. Solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and other energetic events on the Sun create interesting and important perturbations in the near-Earth space environment. The physics of such "space weather" is central to the Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics and the journal welcomes papers that lead in the direction of a predictive understanding of the coupled system. Regarding the upper atmosphere, the subjects of aeronomy, geomagnetism and geoelectricity, auroral phenomena, radio wave propagation, and plasma instabilities, are examples within the broad field of solar-terrestrial physics which emphasise the energy exchange between the solar wind, the magnetospheric and ionospheric plasmas, and the neutral gas. In the lower atmosphere, topics covered range from mesoscale to global scale dynamics, to atmospheric electricity, lightning and its effects, and to anthropogenic changes.