Biochar addition enhances silt loam soil resistance to rill flow: A study based on three years of field monitoring data on China’s Loess Plateau

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI:10.1016/j.still.2024.106320

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Biochar addition can change the physiochemical properties of soil, thus likely influencing soil’s resistance to rill flow (reflected by rill erodibility (K_r, s m⁻¹) and critical shear stress (τ_c, Pa). However, the persistent time effects of biochar on K_r and τ_c have remained unexplored. This study aimed to assess the impact of biochar composed of apple branches on K_r and τ_c, and to investigate the relationships between K_r, τ_c and soil properties. The undisturbed soil core samples to a depth of 5 cm were collected from field plots that had received biochar at rates of 0, 1, 2.5, 4, 5.5, and 7 % (w/w) after 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. The K_r and τ_c of these samples were evaluated through a flume experiment, with scouring soil samples under three flow discharges (e.g., 0.00025, 0.00045, and 0.00065 m⁻³ s⁻¹) and five slope gradients (e.g., 5.24, 8.75, 17.63, 26.79, and 40.40 %). The results revealed that the ranges of K_r and τ_c for no biochar treatments varied from 0.1947 to 0.2107 s m⁻¹ and 1.6971–1.7314 Pa, with the averaged values of 0.2007 s m⁻¹ and 1.7100 Pa, respectively. Compared with no biochar addition, the addition of 1–4 % biochar after 1–2 years generally resulted in a reduction in K_r ranging from 20 % to 59 %, while increasing τ_c by 2–4 %. Conversely, 5.5 and 7 % biochar addition increased K_r by 31 and 5 %, and reduced τ_c by 12 and 6 %. All biochar treatments after 3 years resulted in a 51 % reduction in K_r and a 5 % increase in τ_c relative to bare soil, showing an increasing trend with an increasing biochar addition rate. The fluctuations in K_r and τ_c could be elucidated by changes in cohesion (COH) and mean weight diameter of soil aggregates (MWD), with COH (total effect of −0.32 and 0.17, P<0.01) and MWD (total effect of −0.13 and 0.37, P<0.01) serving as reliable estimators of K_r and τ_c during the 1–2 years following biochar addition. After biochar addition for 3 years, total organic carbon (TOC) (total effect of −0.45 and 0.10, P<0.01) emerged as a significant factor influencing K_r and τ_c, making TOC a potential p_redictor of K_r and τ_c. The results demonstrate that biochar may be an effective measure for enhancing soil resistance to erosion on the Loess Plateau, especially when applied over the long term.

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添加生物炭能增强淤泥质壤土对碾压流的抵抗力：基于中国黄土高原三年实地监测数据的研究

生物炭的添加可改变土壤的理化性质，从而可能影响土壤对碾压流的阻力（通过碾压侵蚀性（Kr，s m-1）和临界剪切应力（τc，Pa）反映出来）。然而，生物炭对 Kr 和 τc 的持续时间影响仍未得到探索。本研究旨在评估由苹果树枝组成的生物炭对 Kr 和 τc 的影响，并研究 Kr、τc 和土壤特性之间的关系。研究人员分别在施用生物炭 0%、1%、2.5%、4%、5.5% 和 7%（重量比）1 年、2 年和 3 年后的田间地块采集了深度为 5 厘米的未扰动土壤核心样本。通过水槽实验，在三种流量（如 0.00025、0.00045 和 0.00065 m-3 s-1）和五种坡度（如 5.24、8.75、17.63、26.79 和 40.40 %）下冲刷土壤样本，对这些样本的 Kr 和 τc 进行了评估。结果显示，无生物炭处理的 Kr 和 τc 范围分别为 0.1947 至 0.2107 s m-1 和 1.6971 至 1.7314 Pa，平均值分别为 0.2007 s m-1 和 1.7100 Pa。与不添加生物炭相比，1-2 年后添加 1-4 % 的生物炭通常会使 Kr 降低 20 % 至 59 %，同时使 τc 增加 2-4%。相反，5.5% 和 7% 的生物炭添加量分别使 Kr 增加了 31% 和 5%，τc 减少了 12% 和 6%。与裸土相比，3 年后所有生物炭处理都会导致 Kr 减少 51%，τc 增加 5%，并随着生物炭添加量的增加而呈上升趋势。内聚力（COH）和土壤团聚体平均重量直径（MWD）的变化可以解释 Kr 和 τc 的波动，其中 COH（总影响为 -0.32 和 0.17，P<0.01）和 MWD（总影响为 -0.13 和 0.37，P<0.01）是生物炭添加后 1-2 年期间 Kr 和 τc 的可靠估算指标。添加生物炭 3 年后，总有机碳（TOC）（总效应为-0.45 和 0.10，P<0.01）成为影响 Kr 和 τc 的重要因素，使 TOC 成为 Kr 和 τc 的潜在预测因子。结果表明，生物炭可能是提高黄土高原土壤抗侵蚀能力的有效措施，尤其是在长期应用的情况下。

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来源期刊

Soil & Tillage Research 农林科学-土壤科学

CiteScore

13.00

自引率

6.20%

发文量

266

审稿时长

5 months

期刊介绍： Soil & Tillage Research examines the physical, chemical and biological changes in the soil caused by tillage and field traffic. Manuscripts will be considered on aspects of soil science, physics, technology, mechanization and applied engineering for a sustainable balance among productivity, environmental quality and profitability. The following are examples of suitable topics within the scope of the journal of Soil and Tillage Research: The agricultural and biosystems engineering associated with tillage (including no-tillage, reduced-tillage and direct drilling), irrigation and drainage, crops and crop rotations, fertilization, rehabilitation of mine spoils and processes used to modify soils. Soil change effects on establishment and yield of crops, growth of plants and roots, structure and erosion of soil, cycling of carbon and nutrients, greenhouse gas emissions, leaching, runoff and other processes that affect environmental quality. Characterization or modeling of tillage and field traffic responses, soil, climate, or topographic effects, soil deformation processes, tillage tools, traction devices, energy requirements, economics, surface and subsurface water quality effects, tillage effects on weed, pest and disease control, and their interactions.