The legacy of deep ploughing and liming – A 1990s experimental site revisited

IF 6.1 1区 农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE
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Abstract

Management of agricultural soils for increased productivity may exert positive or negative effects on soil structure, functions, and organic carbon (SOC) stocks. In this study, a field experiment established in 1993 on a clayey soil in southwest Finland was revisited to investigate the long-term effects of deep ploughing and liming on SOC concentration and stock, particulate (POC) and mineral-associated (MOC) fractions of SOC, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), bulk density (BD), porosity, critical pore size and cereal yield. The experiment comprised whole plots of conventional tillage (CT) to a maximum depth of ca. 20 cm, and plots deep ploughed to ca. 35 cm depth by a commercial (DP1) or by a self-made (DP2) plough. The tillage plots were divided into three split-plots assigned to liming treatments (low, medium and high). Three decades after implementation, the increasing liming rates still induced consistent differences in soil pH, a significant increasing effect on total porosity in the subsoil, and a marginally significant decrease in yield with an increase in soil acidity. The deep ploughing exerted a minor difference in topsoil texture, slightly lowered SOC concentration in the topsoil in DP2 in comparison to CT, and slightly higher subsoil SOC concentration in DP1 in comparison to CT, which indicated transfer of the topsoil SOC to deeper layers and dilution of the SOC in the new topsoil. However, no significant differences between the tillage treatments occurred in SOC stocks. In MOC and POC concentrations, there were no significant differences between the control and tillage treatments. The effects of deep ploughing on soil structural properties on the decadal time scale were minor and scattered. Cereal yield exhibited a slight negative trend for deep ploughing. For EC and BD, no treatment effects were recorded. Overall, the study showed that the legacy of soil management effects on soil properties can be persistent on decadal time scales, but no permanent structural damage due to deep ploughing nor gains in SOC stock accrual could be observed.
深耕和石灰化的遗留问题--重访 1990 年代的一个实验点
为提高生产力而对农业土壤进行管理,可能会对土壤结构、功能和有机碳 (SOC) 储量产生积极或消极的影响。本研究重新审视了 1993 年在芬兰西南部粘质土壤上进行的一项田间试验,以调查深耕和石灰化对 SOC 浓度和储量、SOC 的颗粒 (POC) 和矿物相关 (MOC) 部分、pH 值、电导率 (EC)、容重 (BD)、孔隙度、临界孔径和谷物产量的长期影响。试验包括最大耕深约 20 厘米的整块常规耕作 (CT) 地块,以及用商用犁(DP1)或自制犁(DP2)深耕至约 35 厘米的地块。耕作地块被分成三块,分别分配给不同的石灰化处理(低、中、高)。实施三十年后,土壤 pH 值仍然存在差异,底土的总孔隙度显著增加,产量随着土壤酸度的增加而略有下降。深耕使表土质地略有不同,与 CT 相比,DP2 表土中的 SOC 浓度略有降低,与 CT 相比,DP1 底土中的 SOC 浓度略有升高,这表明表土中的 SOC 转移到了深层,稀释了新表土中的 SOC。不过,不同耕作处理之间的 SOC 储量没有明显差异。在 MOC 和 POC 浓度方面,对照组和耕作处理之间没有显著差异。在十年时间尺度上,深耕对土壤结构特性的影响微小且分散。深耕对谷物产量的影响呈轻微的负趋势。对于 EC 和 BD,没有记录到任何处理效应。总之,研究表明,土壤管理对土壤特性的影响在十年时间尺度上是持续存在的,但没有观察到深耕对土壤结构造成永久性破坏,也没有观察到 SOC 储量的增加。
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来源期刊
Soil & Tillage Research
Soil & Tillage Research 农林科学-土壤科学
CiteScore
13.00
自引率
6.20%
发文量
266
审稿时长
5 months
期刊介绍: Soil & Tillage Research examines the physical, chemical and biological changes in the soil caused by tillage and field traffic. Manuscripts will be considered on aspects of soil science, physics, technology, mechanization and applied engineering for a sustainable balance among productivity, environmental quality and profitability. The following are examples of suitable topics within the scope of the journal of Soil and Tillage Research: The agricultural and biosystems engineering associated with tillage (including no-tillage, reduced-tillage and direct drilling), irrigation and drainage, crops and crop rotations, fertilization, rehabilitation of mine spoils and processes used to modify soils. Soil change effects on establishment and yield of crops, growth of plants and roots, structure and erosion of soil, cycling of carbon and nutrients, greenhouse gas emissions, leaching, runoff and other processes that affect environmental quality. Characterization or modeling of tillage and field traffic responses, soil, climate, or topographic effects, soil deformation processes, tillage tools, traction devices, energy requirements, economics, surface and subsurface water quality effects, tillage effects on weed, pest and disease control, and their interactions.
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