Fungal necromass is vital for the storage of subsoil C after deep injection of compost

IF 6.1 1区 农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE
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Abstract

Organic matter (OM) injection into subsoil is expected to improve subsoil properties and thus increase crop nutrient and water uptake from the subsoil. Nevertheless, detailed knowledge of the fate and persistence of injected OM in subsoil does not yet exist. For this study, we sampled a field experiment, where two types of compost of different composition (Bio-waste compost and Green-waste compost, differing in carbon:nitrogen ratio) had been injected into the subsoil at three application amounts each (3, 5, and 7 kg dry mass m−1), and assessed the distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) into different density fractions, the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q10), and microbial necromass in subsoil. The results demonstrate that both Bio-waste and Green-waste compost injections enhanced the SOC stock, respiration rates, and temperature sensitivity in both top- and subsoil. In the subsoil, respiration rates were increased by 78 %, simultaneously compost addition enhanced microbial growth (increase in fungal residues by 123 %) but also increased the amount of carbon (C) in the mineral fraction. Significant differences in the δ13C values of density fractions and Q10 values were only detected between compost types rather than the amount of injected compost. Especially the Bio-waste compost with a narrower C:N ratio contributed to slightly greater soil labile C content, and ultimately elevated respiration rates in the subsoil. Hence, the fate of subsoil incorporated C is controlled by its composition rather than by the injected amount. Moreover, a higher contribution of fungal necromass C to the increase in Q10 values after compost injection was observed in the present study than for bacterial necromass C, suggesting that fungi are largely responsible for the final, enhanced storage of the C injected.
深层注入堆肥后,真菌坏死物质对储存底土碳至关重要
向底土注入有机物(OM)有望改善底土性质,从而提高作物对底土养分和水分的吸收。然而,关于注入的有机质在底土中的归宿和持久性的详细知识尚不存在。在这项研究中,我们进行了一项田间试验取样,将两种不同成分的堆肥(生物废料堆肥和绿色废料堆肥,碳氮比不同)以三种施用量(3、5 和 7 千克干重 m-1)注入底土,并评估了底土中土壤有机碳(SOC)在不同密度组分中的分布、土壤呼吸的温度敏感性(Q10)和微生物死亡量。结果表明,生物废料和绿色废料堆肥的注入都提高了表层和底层土壤的 SOC 储量、呼吸速率和温度敏感性。在底土中,呼吸速率提高了 78%,同时堆肥的添加促进了微生物的生长(真菌残留物增加了 123%),但也增加了矿物部分的碳(C)含量。只有在堆肥类型之间,而不是在堆肥注入量之间,才能检测到密度组分的 δ13C 值和 Q10 值的显著差异。尤其是 C:N 比值较小的生物废料堆肥,其土壤中的可变 C 含量略高,并最终提高了底土的呼吸速率。因此,底土中融入的碳的去向受其成分而非注入量的控制。此外,在本研究中观察到,在堆肥注入后,真菌新陈代谢产生的碳对 Q10 值增加的贡献率高于细菌新陈代谢产生的碳,这表明真菌在很大程度上对注入的碳的最终贮存起到了促进作用。
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来源期刊
Soil & Tillage Research
Soil & Tillage Research 农林科学-土壤科学
CiteScore
13.00
自引率
6.20%
发文量
266
审稿时长
5 months
期刊介绍: Soil & Tillage Research examines the physical, chemical and biological changes in the soil caused by tillage and field traffic. Manuscripts will be considered on aspects of soil science, physics, technology, mechanization and applied engineering for a sustainable balance among productivity, environmental quality and profitability. The following are examples of suitable topics within the scope of the journal of Soil and Tillage Research: The agricultural and biosystems engineering associated with tillage (including no-tillage, reduced-tillage and direct drilling), irrigation and drainage, crops and crop rotations, fertilization, rehabilitation of mine spoils and processes used to modify soils. Soil change effects on establishment and yield of crops, growth of plants and roots, structure and erosion of soil, cycling of carbon and nutrients, greenhouse gas emissions, leaching, runoff and other processes that affect environmental quality. Characterization or modeling of tillage and field traffic responses, soil, climate, or topographic effects, soil deformation processes, tillage tools, traction devices, energy requirements, economics, surface and subsurface water quality effects, tillage effects on weed, pest and disease control, and their interactions.
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