Size distribution, sources and chemistry of ultrafine particles at Barcelona-El Prat Airport, Spain

IF 10.3 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environment International Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI:10.1016/j.envint.2024.109057

S. Ridolfo , X. Querol , A. Karanasiou , A. Rodríguez-Luque , N. Pérez , A. Alastuey , C. Jaén , B.L. van Drooge , M. Pandolfi , M. Pedrero , F. Amato

{"title":"Size distribution, sources and chemistry of ultrafine particles at Barcelona-El Prat Airport, Spain","authors":"S. Ridolfo , X. Querol , A. Karanasiou , A. Rodríguez-Luque , N. Pérez , A. Alastuey , C. Jaén , B.L. van Drooge , M. Pandolfi , M. Pedrero , F. Amato","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2024.109057","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid expansion of the aviation sector raises concerns about air quality impacts within and around airports. Ultrafine particles (UFP, diameter < 100 nm) are of particular concern due to their potential adverse health effects. In this study, particle number concentrations (PNC), particle number size distribution (PNSD), and other ancillary pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>X</sub>), black carbon (BC), sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>), ozone (O<sub>3</sub>), carbon monoxide (CO) and benzene, as well as organic markers and trace elements (in quasi-UFP) were measured at Barcelona-El Prat Airport (80 m and 250 m from the main taxiway and runway). Comparisons were made with an urban background (UB) location, and source apportionment of PNSD was performed using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF). PNC inside the airport was nine-fold higher than the UB, and fifteen-fold higher when considering only nucleation mode particles (< 25 nm). Six sources contributing to PNC were identified inside the airport: Taxiing (48.7 %; mode diameter = 17 nm), Industrial/Shipping (7.4 %; mode diameter = 35 nm), Diesel (3.9 %; mode diameter = 64 nm), Regional recirculation (1.1 %; mode diameter = 100 nm), Photonucleation (16.6 %; mode diameter = 13 nm) and Takeoff (18.5 %; mode diameter = 23 nm). Due to the measurement location and prevailing wind patterns, no significant contributions from landings were detected. Chemical analysis of quasi-UFP collected on Electrical Low-Pressure Impactor (ELPI + ) filters (stages 2 to 6: 17–165 nm) revealed higher concentrations (> 2-fold) of Fe, Al, Cr, Cu, Mo, Mn, Pb, Ti, and Sb at the airport compared to the UB, with Al exhibiting the most pronounced disparity. Generally, PAH levels were low at both sites, although concentrations were higher at the airport relative to the UB. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of UFP within a major European airport, identifying the different sources contributing to PNC and PNSD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 109057"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Environment International","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412024006433","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

The rapid expansion of the aviation sector raises concerns about air quality impacts within and around airports. Ultrafine particles (UFP, diameter < 100 nm) are of particular concern due to their potential adverse health effects. In this study, particle number concentrations (PNC), particle number size distribution (PNSD), and other ancillary pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NO_X), black carbon (BC), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), ozone (O₃), carbon monoxide (CO) and benzene, as well as organic markers and trace elements (in quasi-UFP) were measured at Barcelona-El Prat Airport (80 m and 250 m from the main taxiway and runway). Comparisons were made with an urban background (UB) location, and source apportionment of PNSD was performed using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF). PNC inside the airport was nine-fold higher than the UB, and fifteen-fold higher when considering only nucleation mode particles (< 25 nm). Six sources contributing to PNC were identified inside the airport: Taxiing (48.7 %; mode diameter = 17 nm), Industrial/Shipping (7.4 %; mode diameter = 35 nm), Diesel (3.9 %; mode diameter = 64 nm), Regional recirculation (1.1 %; mode diameter = 100 nm), Photonucleation (16.6 %; mode diameter = 13 nm) and Takeoff (18.5 %; mode diameter = 23 nm). Due to the measurement location and prevailing wind patterns, no significant contributions from landings were detected. Chemical analysis of quasi-UFP collected on Electrical Low-Pressure Impactor (ELPI + ) filters (stages 2 to 6: 17–165 nm) revealed higher concentrations (> 2-fold) of Fe, Al, Cr, Cu, Mo, Mn, Pb, Ti, and Sb at the airport compared to the UB, with Al exhibiting the most pronounced disparity. Generally, PAH levels were low at both sites, although concentrations were higher at the airport relative to the UB. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of UFP within a major European airport, identifying the different sources contributing to PNC and PNSD.

查看原文本刊更多论文

西班牙巴塞罗那-埃尔普拉特机场超细颗粒的粒度分布、来源和化学性质

航空业的快速发展引起了人们对机场内和机场周围空气质量影响的关注。超细粒子（UFP，直径为 100 纳米）因其对健康的潜在不利影响而受到特别关注。本研究在巴塞罗那-埃尔普拉特机场（距离主滑行道和跑道分别为 80 米和 250 米）测量了颗粒数浓度 (PNC)、颗粒数粒度分布 (PNSD)、其他辅助污染物，如颗粒物 (PM)、氮氧化物 (NOX)、黑碳 (BC)、二氧化硫 (SO2)、臭氧 (O3)、一氧化碳 (CO) 和苯，以及有机标记物和微量元素（准 UFP）。与城市背景（UB）地点进行了比较，并使用正矩阵因式分解法（PMF）对 PNSD 进行了来源分配。机场内的 PNC 比城市背景（UB）高出 9 倍，如果只考虑成核模式粒子（< 25 nm），则高出 15 倍。在机场内发现了导致 PNC 的六个来源：滑行（48.7%；模式直径 = 17 纳米）、工业/航运（7.4%；模式直径 = 35 纳米）、柴油（3.9%；模式直径 = 64 纳米）、区域再循环（1.1%；模式直径 = 100 纳米）、光核（16.6%；模式直径 = 13 纳米）和起飞（18.5%；模式直径 = 23 纳米）。由于测量地点和盛行风模式的原因，没有检测到着陆产生的重大影响。通过电低压冲击器（ELPI +）过滤器（2 至 6 级：17-165 nm）收集的准 UFP 化学分析显示，机场的铁、铝、铬、铜、钼、锰、铅、钛和锑的浓度比 UB 高（2 倍），其中铝的差异最为明显。总体而言，两个地点的多环芳烃含量都很低，但机场的浓度要高于城市综合体。总之，这项研究提供了对欧洲主要机场内 UFP 的全面了解，确定了导致 PNC 和 PNSD 的不同来源。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Environment International 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

21.90

自引率

3.40%

发文量

734

审稿时长

2.8 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Health publishes manuscripts focusing on critical aspects of environmental and occupational medicine, including studies in toxicology and epidemiology, to illuminate the human health implications of exposure to environmental hazards. The journal adopts an open-access model and practices open peer review. It caters to scientists and practitioners across all environmental science domains, directly or indirectly impacting human health and well-being. With a commitment to enhancing the prevention of environmentally-related health risks, Environmental Health serves as a public health journal for the community and scientists engaged in matters of public health significance concerning the environment.