Long-term Assessment of Ozone Nonattainment Changes in South Korea Compared to US, and EU Ozone Guidelines

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI:10.5572/ajae.2021.098

Jeonghwan Kim, Jimin Lee, Jin-Seok Han, Jinsoo Choi, Dai-Gon Kim, Jinsoo Park, Gangwoong Lee

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Abstract

We conducted spatiotemporal assessments of ozone in South Korea from 1990–2020 to evaluate trends and compare changes in compliance based on South Korean, US, and EU standards. Observational data from nationwide air-quality monitoring stations were collected and converted to the maximum daily 8 hr ozone average (MDA8O3). Seasonal ozone variations displayed an overall increase across most of South Korea and a noticeably high rate of 0.86 ppbv/yr in Seoul, with an even higher rate 1.2 ppbv/yr for the fourth-highest MDA8O3. Recent air-quality regulations to reduce NOx emissions have been estimated to weaken NO titration effects, leading to higher ozone levels for VOC-limited urban areas in South Korea while decreasing ozone concentrations elsewhere. In recent years, nearly all monitoring stations have exceeded the South Korean MDA8O3 standard, leading to debate regarding the adequacy of current standards for monitoring changes in nonattainment. Comparison with EU and US standards showed that implementing these could significantly lower nonattainment events due to the easing of target threshold values by either percentile or concentration values. Relative distances in nonattainment percentages between South Korean and other standards indicated that the EU ozone guideline was most suitable for tracing recent ozone changes not apparent when using the South Korean or US standards.

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与美国和欧盟臭氧指南相比，韩国臭氧非达标变化的长期评估

我们对 1990-2020 年间韩国的臭氧进行了时空评估，以评估趋势并比较韩国、美国和欧盟标准的达标变化情况。我们收集了全国空气质量监测站的观测数据，并将其转换为最大日 8 小时臭氧平均值（MDA8O3）。韩国大部分地区的臭氧季节性变化显示出总体上升趋势，首尔的上升速率明显较高，达到 0.86 ppbv/年，MDA8O3 排名第四的地区上升速率更高，达到 1.2 ppbv/年。据估计，最近出台的减少氮氧化物排放的空气质量法规削弱了氮氧化物的滴定效应，导致韩国受挥发性有机化合物限制的城市地区臭氧浓度升高，而其他地区的臭氧浓度下降。近年来，几乎所有的监测站都超过了韩国的 MDA8O3 标准，从而引发了关于现行标准是否足以监测非达标地区变化的争论。与欧盟和美国标准的比较显示，由于目标阈值按百分位数或浓度值放宽，实施这些标准可显著降低非达标事件。南韩标准和其他标准在非达标百分比上的相对距离表明，欧盟臭氧准则最适合用于追踪在使用南韩或美国标准时并不明显的近期臭氧变化。

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.