Synergistic evolution: The dynamic adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 and human protective immunity in the real world

IF 14.3 1区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI:10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106310

Yunhui Li , Xiaohan Zhang , Jingkun Yi , Yuan Chen , Jing Liang , Li Wang , Jiayue Ma , Renlong Zhu , Xiaomei Zhang , Di Hu , Yan Jia , Xiaobo Yu , Yajie Wang

{"title":"Synergistic evolution: The dynamic adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 and human protective immunity in the real world","authors":"Yunhui Li , Xiaohan Zhang , Jingkun Yi , Yuan Chen , Jing Liang , Li Wang , Jiayue Ma , Renlong Zhu , Xiaomei Zhang , Di Hu , Yan Jia , Xiaobo Yu , Yajie Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106310","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>SARS-CoV-2 is continually evolving with new variants to evade protective immunity and cause new infections. This study aimed to assess infection-acquired immunity and hybrid immunity against re-infection or severe COVID-19.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>During 2020–2023, we collected 890 serum samples from individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants including wild type, D614G, Alpha, Delta, BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.76, BA.5.2, BF.7, XBB, and EG.5. The levels of serum neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against 18 diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants were determined using a bead-based high-throughput broad neutralizing-antibody assay.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, >75% of the patients demonstrated robust NAb responses against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2, during a period when vaccines were not yet available. After the emergence of the Omicron variant, the seroprevalence of anti-Omicron NAbs among the patients increased rapidly. By April 2023, when XBB variant was predominant, approximately 80% of the patients demonstrated >50% neutralization against the highly immune-evasive XBB lineages. Three serotypes of SARS-CoV-2, namely non-Omicron, Omicron, and XBB serotypes, were identified, with the strong likelihood of further changes occurring as the virus mutating. Generally, NAbs elicited by a previous serotype could not typically effectively protect against another serotype that emerges later in the evolutionary stages.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our results firstly demonstrated the synergistic evolution between host immunity and SARS-CoV-2 variants in the real world, which would be helpful to develop future vaccines and public health strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Infection","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445324002445","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"INFECTIOUS DISEASES","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives

SARS-CoV-2 is continually evolving with new variants to evade protective immunity and cause new infections. This study aimed to assess infection-acquired immunity and hybrid immunity against re-infection or severe COVID-19.

Methods

During 2020–2023, we collected 890 serum samples from individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants including wild type, D614G, Alpha, Delta, BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.76, BA.5.2, BF.7, XBB, and EG.5. The levels of serum neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against 18 diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants were determined using a bead-based high-throughput broad neutralizing-antibody assay.

Results

In the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, >75% of the patients demonstrated robust NAb responses against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2, during a period when vaccines were not yet available. After the emergence of the Omicron variant, the seroprevalence of anti-Omicron NAbs among the patients increased rapidly. By April 2023, when XBB variant was predominant, approximately 80% of the patients demonstrated >50% neutralization against the highly immune-evasive XBB lineages. Three serotypes of SARS-CoV-2, namely non-Omicron, Omicron, and XBB serotypes, were identified, with the strong likelihood of further changes occurring as the virus mutating. Generally, NAbs elicited by a previous serotype could not typically effectively protect against another serotype that emerges later in the evolutionary stages.

Conclusion

Our results firstly demonstrated the synergistic evolution between host immunity and SARS-CoV-2 variants in the real world, which would be helpful to develop future vaccines and public health strategies.

查看原文本刊更多论文

协同进化：SARS-CoV-2 和人类保护性免疫在现实世界中的动态适应。

目的：SARS-CoV-2 不断演变出新的变种，以逃避保护性免疫并引起新的感染。本研究旨在评估感染获得的免疫力和针对再感染或严重 COVID-19 的混合免疫力：2020-2023年期间，我们收集了890份感染SARS-CoV-2变体的个体血清样本，包括野生型、D614G、Alpha、Delta、BA.1、BA.2、BA.2.76、BA.5.2、BF.7、XBB和EG.5。使用基于微珠的高通量广谱中和抗体检测法测定了针对 18 种不同 SARS-CoV-2 变体的血清中和抗体（NAbs）水平：结果：在 COVID-19 大流行的最初阶段，超过 75% 的患者对 SARS-CoV-2 的祖先表现出强烈的 NAb 反应，而当时还没有疫苗。欧米克隆变种出现后，患者中抗欧米克隆 NAb 的血清流行率迅速上升。到 2023 年 4 月，当 XBB 变体占主导地位时，约 80% 的患者对具有高度免疫侵袭性的 XBB 株系的中和率大于 50%。目前已确定 SARS-CoV-2 有三种血清型，即非 Omicron、Omicron 和 XBB 血清型，随着病毒的变异，极有可能发生进一步的变化。一般来说，由以前的血清型引起的NAbs通常不能有效保护进化阶段后期出现的另一种血清型：我们的研究结果首次证明了现实世界中宿主免疫力与 SARS-CoV-2 变种之间的协同进化，这将有助于未来疫苗和公共卫生策略的开发。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Journal of Infection 医学-传染病学

CiteScore

45.90

自引率

3.20%

发文量

475

审稿时长

16 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Infection publishes original papers on all aspects of infection - clinical, microbiological and epidemiological. The Journal seeks to bring together knowledge from all specialties involved in infection research and clinical practice, and present the best work in the ever-changing field of infection. Each issue brings you Editorials that describe current or controversial topics of interest, high quality Reviews to keep you in touch with the latest developments in specific fields of interest, an Epidemiology section reporting studies in the hospital and the general community, and a lively correspondence section.