{"title":"Revealing the electrolyte suitability optimization and failure mechanism of sodium-ion pouch cells with Na3.5V1.5Mn0.5(PO4)3 polyanionic cathode","authors":"Xin Tang, Enmin Li, Zhi Zhou, Kaibo Zhang, Jinhan Teng, Tianming Lu, Binghan Dai, Dongdong Yin, Weifeng Deng, Hao Li, Xing Wang, Jing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ensm.2024.103830","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Polyanionic cathodes are promising for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) in large-scale energy storage applications, but there is almost no research on the failure mechanisms of SIBs with polyanionic cathodes. Herein, we investigate the failure mechanisms of the pouch cells with the Na<sub>3.5</sub>V<sub>1.5</sub>Mn<sub>0.5</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (NVMP) polyanionic cathode and hard carbon (HC) anode. Firstly, the sodium salts are studied in same electrolyte solvents by combining theoretical calculation and electrochemical tests, and NaClO<sub>4</sub> is verified as suitable for NVMP<strong>//</strong>Na half-cells, while NaPF<sub>6</sub> is optimal for the cells containing HC electrode. Secondly, the charging cut-off voltages significantly affect the cycling performance. For the NVMP pouch cells cycled within 1.5 ∼ 4.2 V, slight electrolyte oxidation occurs during the final stage of each charge cycle, leading to macroscopic “swelling” after 500 cycles. Finally, for the NVMP pouch cells cycled more than 3000 cycles within 1.5 ∼ 4.0 V, the main failure mechanism is the “sodium deficiency” and the irreversible deactivation of manganese ions in the waste NVMP cathode, rather than the oxidation of the spent separator or the “sodium precipitation” on the spent HC anode. This work addresses critical gaps in failure mechanism research and lays a foundation for the large-scale application of SIBs with polyanionic cathodes.","PeriodicalId":306,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Energy Storage Materials","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2024.103830","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Polyanionic cathodes are promising for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) in large-scale energy storage applications, but there is almost no research on the failure mechanisms of SIBs with polyanionic cathodes. Herein, we investigate the failure mechanisms of the pouch cells with the Na3.5V1.5Mn0.5(PO4)3 (NVMP) polyanionic cathode and hard carbon (HC) anode. Firstly, the sodium salts are studied in same electrolyte solvents by combining theoretical calculation and electrochemical tests, and NaClO4 is verified as suitable for NVMP//Na half-cells, while NaPF6 is optimal for the cells containing HC electrode. Secondly, the charging cut-off voltages significantly affect the cycling performance. For the NVMP pouch cells cycled within 1.5 ∼ 4.2 V, slight electrolyte oxidation occurs during the final stage of each charge cycle, leading to macroscopic “swelling” after 500 cycles. Finally, for the NVMP pouch cells cycled more than 3000 cycles within 1.5 ∼ 4.0 V, the main failure mechanism is the “sodium deficiency” and the irreversible deactivation of manganese ions in the waste NVMP cathode, rather than the oxidation of the spent separator or the “sodium precipitation” on the spent HC anode. This work addresses critical gaps in failure mechanism research and lays a foundation for the large-scale application of SIBs with polyanionic cathodes.
期刊介绍:
Energy Storage Materials is a global interdisciplinary journal dedicated to sharing scientific and technological advancements in materials and devices for advanced energy storage and related energy conversion, such as in metal-O2 batteries. The journal features comprehensive research articles, including full papers and short communications, as well as authoritative feature articles and reviews by leading experts in the field.
Energy Storage Materials covers a wide range of topics, including the synthesis, fabrication, structure, properties, performance, and technological applications of energy storage materials. Additionally, the journal explores strategies, policies, and developments in the field of energy storage materials and devices for sustainable energy.
Published papers are selected based on their scientific and technological significance, their ability to provide valuable new knowledge, and their relevance to the international research community.