Variation in Valence Intensity Within Frames: Testing Predictions of Prospect Theory and Fuzzy-Trace Theory

IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED
Todd McElroy
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Abstract

Risk and decision-making are central to human behavior and have been extensively studied across many disciplines. To better understand the factors that influence an individual's risk-related choices, this paper investigates the influence of frame valence intensity. It does so by comparing predictions from two prominent theories of decision-making: Prospect theory (PT) and fuzzy-trace theory (FTT). PT relies on the numerical transformation of subjective value information suggesting that the intensity of the frame should not affect the decision outcome. In contrast, FTT predicts that the level of frame valence should correspond to the intensity of the extracted memory trace and have predictable effects on risky choice. The results demonstrate that risky choice varies across different levels of the frame's valence. For positive frames, increasing valence intensity is associated with decreased risk preference. For negative frames, the relationship is more complex and context-dependent. These findings extend our understanding of framing effects, suggesting that both the direction and intensity of frame valence influence risk preferences. While broadly aligning with FTT predictions regarding gist extraction, our results also indicate that PT could be extended to account for valence intensity effects, potentially bridging these theoretical perspectives.

帧内价值强度的变化:检验前景理论和模糊跟踪理论的预测结果
风险和决策是人类行为的核心,许多学科都对其进行了广泛研究。为了更好地理解影响个人风险相关选择的因素,本文研究了框架情绪强度的影响。为此,本文比较了两种著名的决策理论:前景理论(PT)和模糊轨迹理论(FTT)。前景理论依赖于主观价值信息的数字转换,这表明框架强度不应影响决策结果。与此相反,模糊痕迹理论则预测,框架价值的高低应与提取的记忆痕迹的强度相对应,并对风险选择产生可预测的影响。结果表明,风险选择在不同程度的框架价位上是不同的。对于积极的框架,价值强度的增加与风险偏好的降低有关。而对于负面框架来说,这种关系则更为复杂,且取决于情境。这些发现扩展了我们对框架效应的理解,表明框架价值的方向和强度都会影响风险偏好。我们的研究结果与关于要点提取的 FTT 预测大体一致,但同时也表明,PT 可以扩展到考虑价位强度效应,从而有可能弥合这些理论观点。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.40
自引率
5.00%
发文量
40
期刊介绍: The Journal of Behavioral Decision Making is a multidisciplinary journal with a broad base of content and style. It publishes original empirical reports, critical review papers, theoretical analyses and methodological contributions. The Journal also features book, software and decision aiding technique reviews, abstracts of important articles published elsewhere and teaching suggestions. The objective of the Journal is to present and stimulate behavioral research on decision making and to provide a forum for the evaluation of complementary, contrasting and conflicting perspectives. These perspectives include psychology, management science, sociology, political science and economics. Studies of behavioral decision making in naturalistic and applied settings are encouraged.
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