Neurotoxicology of warfare arsenical, diphenylarsinic acid in humans and experimental models

IF 8.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
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Abstract

Unused warfare chemical agents, developed in World Wars I/II dumped in the ocean or buried at various sites across the world, pose significant environmental and human health risks. This review provides description of the neurotoxicity of arsenic-based warfare chemicals known as arsenicals. We specifically described the neuropathogenesis of diphenylarsinic acid (DPAA), a chemical warfare-related organoarsenicals and a degradation product of diphenylchloroarsine (DA), diphenylcyanoarsine (DC), also known as Clark I and Clark II respectively. These arsenicals are potent emetics, which were buried at a former naval base in the town of Kamisu, Japan. Several decades after burial, their environmental decay led to contamination of underground water table. Consumption of the contaminated water by the residents manifested a neurological syndrome, which was associated with damage to the cerebellum and brainstem as well as behavioral deficits. We summarized the chronology of this damage as recorded by monitoring the exposed population over time (∼15 years). Several simulating animal studies in primates and murine models demonstrate that DPAA caused this syndrome.

Abstract Image

战争用砷、二苯基砷酸在人体和实验模型中的神经毒理学。
第一次/第二次世界大战中研制的未使用的战争化学剂被倾倒在海洋中或掩埋在世界各地的不同地点,对环境和人类健康构成了重大风险。本综述介绍了以砷为基础的战争化学制剂(又称砷剂)的神经毒性。我们特别介绍了二苯基胂酸(DPAA)的神经发病机理,这是一种与化学战有关的有机胂,也是二苯基氯胂(DA)和二苯基氰胂(DC)的降解产物,分别称为克拉克 I 和克拉克 II。这些砷化物是强效催吐剂,被埋在日本上须镇的一个前海军基地。掩埋几十年后,它们在环境中腐烂,导致地下水位受到污染。居民饮用受污染的水后出现了神经系统综合征,与小脑和脑干受损以及行为障碍有关。我们总结了通过长期(∼15 年)监测暴露人群所记录的这种损害的时间顺序。在灵长类动物和小鼠模型中进行的几项模拟动物研究表明,DPAA 会导致这种综合症。
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来源期刊
Chemosphere
Chemosphere 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
15.80
自引率
8.00%
发文量
4975
审稿时长
3.4 months
期刊介绍: Chemosphere, being an international multidisciplinary journal, is dedicated to publishing original communications and review articles on chemicals in the environment. The scope covers a wide range of topics, including the identification, quantification, behavior, fate, toxicology, treatment, and remediation of chemicals in the bio-, hydro-, litho-, and atmosphere, ensuring the broad dissemination of research in this field.
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