Pathways for accidental biocontrol: The human-mediated dispersal of insect predators and parasitoids.

IF 4.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY
Gyda Fenn-Moltu, Andrew M Liebhold, Donald C Weber, Cleo Bertelsmeier
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introductions of insect predators and parasitoids for biological control are a key method for pest management. Yet in recent decades, biological control has become more strictly regulated and less frequent. Conversely, the rate of unintentional insect introductions through human activities is rising. While accidental introductions of insect natural enemies can potentially have serious ecological consequences, they are challenging to quantify as their movements go largely unobserved. We used historical border interception records collected by the US Department of Agriculture from 1913 to 2018 to describe the diversity of entomophagous insects transported unintentionally, their main introduction pathways, and trends in host specificity. There were 35,312 interceptions of insect predators and parasitoids during this period, representing 93 families from 11 orders, and 196 species from these families. Commodity associations varied, but imported plants and plant products were the main introduction pathway. Most interceptions originated with commodities imported from the Neotropical, Panamaian, and Western Palearctic regions. Among the intercepted species, 27% were found in material originating from more than one country. Two thirds of species were polyphagous host generalists. Furthermore, 25% of species had already been introduced intentionally as biological control agents internationally, and 4.6% have documented negative impacts on native biodiversity or human society. Most of the intercepted species that have not established in the United States are host generalists or have at least one known host species available. The unintentional transport of diverse natural enemy insects has the potential to cause substantial ecological impacts, both in terms of controlling pests through accidental biocontrol and disrupting native communities. Characterizing the insects being transported and their introduction pathways can inform biosecurity practices and management.

意外生物控制的途径:由人类促成的昆虫捕食者和寄生虫的传播。
引入昆虫捕食者和寄生虫进行生物防治是害虫管理的一种重要方法。然而,近几十年来,生物控制的监管越来越严格,频率也越来越低。相反,通过人类活动无意引入昆虫的比率却在上升。虽然昆虫天敌的意外引入可能会造成严重的生态后果,但由于它们的活动基本上不受观察,因此很难对其进行量化。我们利用美国农业部从 1913 年到 2018 年收集的历史边境截获记录,描述了无意运输的昆虫天敌的多样性、其主要引入途径以及寄主特异性的趋势。在此期间,共截获 35,312 次昆虫捕食者和寄生虫记录,代表 11 个目 93 个科,以及这些科中的 196 个物种。商品关联各不相同,但进口植物和植物产品是主要的引入途径。大多数截获的物种来自新热带、巴拿马和西古北地区的进口商品。在截获的物种中,有 27% 来自一个以上的国家。三分之二的物种是多食性寄主通性动物。此外,25%的物种已作为生物控制剂被有意引入国际,4.6%的物种对本地生物多样性或人类社会造成了负面影响。大多数未在美国立足的被截获物种都是寄主通性物种,或者至少有一种已知的寄主物种。无意运输的多种天敌昆虫有可能对生态造成重大影响,既能通过意外的生物控制来控制害虫,又能破坏本地群落。确定被运输昆虫的特征及其引入途径可为生物安全实践和管理提供信息。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Ecological Applications
Ecological Applications 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
9.50
自引率
2.00%
发文量
268
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: The pages of Ecological Applications are open to research and discussion papers that integrate ecological science and concepts with their application and implications. Of special interest are papers that develop the basic scientific principles on which environmental decision-making should rest, and those that discuss the application of ecological concepts to environmental problem solving, policy, and management. Papers that deal explicitly with policy matters are welcome. Interdisciplinary approaches are encouraged, as are short communications on emerging environmental challenges.
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