The Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Saudi Arabia (1994-2023): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

IF 3.8 4区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Hassan N Moafa, Abdullah H Altemani, Ali Alaklabi, Khalid Y Ghailan, Alkhansa Alshabi, Majid Ahmed Darraj, Hammad Ali Fadlalmola
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common parasites affecting humans in diverse populations caused by T. gondii. This study aims to systematically review and analyze the prevalence of T. gondii infection among various population categories in Saudi Arabia. Our search was done in five databases: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science to find the relevant studies from inception to November 2023. The pooled prevalence of toxoplasmosis among the total population living in Saudi Arabia was estimated using a random-effect meta-analysis approach, and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was utilized for this analysis. Our study included 30 case-control and retrospective studies published from 1994 to 2023 involving 20,699 patients from different regions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Various cities were included, such as Al-Ahsa, Najran, Riyadh, Arar, Mecca, al Khobar, Mushait, Tabuk, jazan, Hail City, Almadinah Almunawwarah, AL-Ahsa, and Abha; 27 reported outcomes related to IgG seroprevalence, revealing an overall toxoplasmosis prevalence of 27.5% in Saudi Arabia. Fifteen studies that measured IgM seroprevalence found an overall toxoplasmosis prevalence of 2.2%. Specifically for pregnant women, IgG seroprevalence was 28%. Among different age categories, the highest toxoplasmosis prevalence was observed in the group aged 31-45 years, reaching 32.5%, while the lowest prevalence was in the 10-20 years category at 19.3%. Regarding gravidity, the grand multi-gravida group exhibited the highest prevalence at 32.9%, with an upper limit of 47.8%. Furthermore, individuals who consumed freshwater demonstrated a higher incidence than those drinking bottled water, with respective prevalence rates of 33.5% and 29.4%. In conclusion, the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Saudi Arabia is lower than the global average, with significant variations across different age groups, water sources, and dietary habits. Targeted educational programs and public health interventions are essential to raise awareness and reduce the risk of T. gondii infection. Future research should focus on improving study quality and exploring the broader implications of toxoplasmosis on public health in Saudi Arabia.

沙特阿拉伯的弓形虫流行率(1994-2023 年):系统回顾与元分析》。
弓形虫病是由刚地弓形虫引起的影响不同人群的最常见寄生虫之一。本研究旨在系统回顾和分析沙特阿拉伯各类人群中弓形虫感染的流行情况。我们在五个数据库中进行了搜索:PubMed、Scopus、Cochrane Library、Embase 和 Web of Science,以查找从开始到 2023 年 11 月的相关研究。我们采用随机效应荟萃分析方法估算了居住在沙特阿拉伯的总人口中弓形虫病的总体流行率,并使用了综合荟萃分析软件进行分析。我们的研究包括从 1994 年到 2023 年发表的 30 项病例对照和回顾性研究,涉及沙特阿拉伯王国不同地区的 20,699 名患者。其中包括多个城市,如阿赫萨、奈杰兰、利雅得、阿拉尔、麦加、霍巴、穆希特、塔布克、贾赞、海尔市、阿尔马迪纳阿尔穆纳瓦拉、阿赫萨和阿卜哈;27 项研究报告了 IgG 血清阳性率的相关结果,显示沙特阿拉伯弓形虫病的总体患病率为 27.5%。测量 IgM 血清流行率的 15 项研究发现弓形虫病的总体流行率为 2.2%。具体到孕妇,IgG 血清阳性率为 28%。在不同年龄组中,弓形虫感染率最高的是 31-45 岁年龄组,达到 32.5%,而感染率最低的是 10-20 岁年龄组,为 19.3%。就孕产妇而言,多孕产妇大组的感染率最高,为 32.9%,上限为 47.8%。此外,饮用淡水的人比饮用瓶装水的人发病率更高,分别为 33.5%和 29.4%。总之,弓形虫病在沙特阿拉伯的发病率低于全球平均水平,不同年龄组、水源和饮食习惯的发病率差异很大。有针对性的教育计划和公共卫生干预措施对于提高人们的认识和降低弓形虫感染风险至关重要。未来的研究应侧重于提高研究质量,探索弓形虫病对沙特阿拉伯公共卫生的广泛影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
10.70
自引率
1.40%
发文量
57
审稿时长
19 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health is an esteemed international publication, offering a platform for peer-reviewed articles that drive advancements in global epidemiology and international health. Our mission is to shape global health policy by showcasing cutting-edge scholarship and innovative strategies.
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