Resistance of Australian fish communities to drought and flood: implications for climate change and adaptations

IF 5.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Ecography Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI:10.1111/ecog.07442

Henry H. Hansen, Eva Bergman, Keller Kopf, Max Lindmark

{"title":"Resistance of Australian fish communities to drought and flood: implications for climate change and adaptations","authors":"Henry H. Hansen, Eva Bergman, Keller Kopf, Max Lindmark","doi":"10.1111/ecog.07442","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<b>Climate change-induced extreme weather and related drought and flood conditions are heterogeneous across space and time. The variability in location, timing, and magnitude of rainfall can alter how species respond to the drought and flood disturbances. To further complicate this matter, when droughts end they are often followed by extreme flooding, which are rarely considered as a disturbance (Humphries et al. 2024), let alone assessed with its own heterogeneity. Consequently, it is difficult to quantify impacts on ecological communities across large spatiotemporal scales without considering flood-drought disturbance characteristics in sequence (Burton et al. 2020). We hypothesized that native organisms have evolved resistance to withstand repeated cycles of drought-flood disturbances, and that established non-native species have adapted to persist in novel conditions. To test this, we fit spatiotemporal models of species occurrence with local rainfall patterns as covariates in the drought and flood impacted Murray-Darling basin in Australia during the decade long Millenium Drought, and its recovery period. During these drought conditions, river-floodplain organisms in the Murray-Darling became localized in refugia that limited longitudinal and lateral connectivity (Bond et al. 2008), and following flooding the same organisms were exposed to dispersal and recruitment opportunities (Humphries et al. 2020), as well as to hypoxic blackwater events that lead to the mortality of aquatic organisms (Small et al. 2014). At the basin-scale we found that the range size of most native and non-native fishes were highly resistant to the extreme drought and post-flood conditions. At local scales, species richness, or detection, actually increased under drought conditions. Both findings highlight the resistance of species to climate change driven extreme weather, which opens new questions on community adaptations.</b>","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Ecography","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.07442","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Climate change-induced extreme weather and related drought and flood conditions are heterogeneous across space and time. The variability in location, timing, and magnitude of rainfall can alter how species respond to the drought and flood disturbances. To further complicate this matter, when droughts end they are often followed by extreme flooding, which are rarely considered as a disturbance (Humphries et al. 2024), let alone assessed with its own heterogeneity. Consequently, it is difficult to quantify impacts on ecological communities across large spatiotemporal scales without considering flood-drought disturbance characteristics in sequence (Burton et al. 2020). We hypothesized that native organisms have evolved resistance to withstand repeated cycles of drought-flood disturbances, and that established non-native species have adapted to persist in novel conditions. To test this, we fit spatiotemporal models of species occurrence with local rainfall patterns as covariates in the drought and flood impacted Murray-Darling basin in Australia during the decade long Millenium Drought, and its recovery period. During these drought conditions, river-floodplain organisms in the Murray-Darling became localized in refugia that limited longitudinal and lateral connectivity (Bond et al. 2008), and following flooding the same organisms were exposed to dispersal and recruitment opportunities (Humphries et al. 2020), as well as to hypoxic blackwater events that lead to the mortality of aquatic organisms (Small et al. 2014). At the basin-scale we found that the range size of most native and non-native fishes were highly resistant to the extreme drought and post-flood conditions. At local scales, species richness, or detection, actually increased under drought conditions. Both findings highlight the resistance of species to climate change driven extreme weather, which opens new questions on community adaptations.

查看原文本刊更多论文

澳大利亚鱼类群落对干旱和洪水的抵抗力：对气候变化和适应的影响

气候变化引发的极端天气以及相关的干旱和洪涝条件在空间和时间上存在差异。降雨地点、时间和降雨量的变化会改变物种对旱涝干扰的反应。使问题更加复杂的是，当干旱结束时，随之而来的往往是极端洪水，而洪水很少被视为一种干扰（Humphries 等，2024 年），更不用说对其自身的异质性进行评估了。因此，如果不依次考虑洪水-干旱干扰特征，就很难量化对大时空尺度生态群落的影响（Burton 等，2020 年）。我们假设，本地生物已进化出抵抗力以抵御反复循环的干旱-洪水干扰，而已建立的非本地物种已适应在新条件下生存。为了验证这一假设，我们在澳大利亚墨累-达令流域长达十年的千年干旱及其恢复期间，以当地降雨模式作为协变量，拟合了物种出现的时空模型。在这些干旱条件下，墨累-达令流域的河流-洪泛平原生物被限制在纵向和横向联系的避难所中（Bond 等人，2008 年），而在洪水过后，同样的生物面临着扩散和招募的机会（Humphries 等人，2020 年），以及导致水生生物死亡的缺氧黑水事件（Small 等人，2014 年）。在流域尺度上，我们发现大多数本地和非本地鱼类的活动范围对极端干旱和洪水后的条件具有很强的抵抗力。在地方尺度上，物种丰富度或探测度在干旱条件下实际上有所增加。这两项发现都突显了物种对气候变化驱动的极端天气的抵抗力，从而提出了关于群落适应性的新问题。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Ecography 环境科学-生态学

CiteScore

11.60

自引率

3.40%

发文量

122

审稿时长

8-16 weeks

期刊介绍： ECOGRAPHY publishes exciting, novel, and important articles that significantly advance understanding of ecological or biodiversity patterns in space or time. Papers focusing on conservation or restoration are welcomed, provided they are anchored in ecological theory and convey a general message that goes beyond a single case study. We encourage papers that seek advancing the field through the development and testing of theory or methodology, or by proposing new tools for analysis or interpretation of ecological phenomena. Manuscripts are expected to address general principles in ecology, though they may do so using a specific model system if they adequately frame the problem relative to a generalized ecological question or problem. Purely descriptive papers are considered only if breaking new ground and/or describing patterns seldom explored. Studies focused on a single species or single location are generally discouraged unless they make a significant contribution to advancing general theory or understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes. Manuscripts merely confirming or marginally extending results of previous work are unlikely to be considered in Ecography. Papers are judged by virtue of their originality, appeal to general interest, and their contribution to new developments in studies of spatial and temporal ecological patterns. There are no biases with regard to taxon, biome, or biogeographical area.