Genome-wide differentiation corresponds to climatic niches in two species of lichen-forming fungi

IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY
Edgar L. Y. Wong, Henrique F. Valim, Imke Schmitt
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Abstract

Lichens can withstand fluctuating environmental conditions such as hydration-desiccation cycles. Many species distribute across climate zones, suggesting population-level adaptations to conditions such as freezing and drought. Here, we aim to understand how climate affects population genomic patterns in lichenized fungi. We analysed population structure along elevational gradients in closely related Umbilicaria phaea (North American; two gradients) and Umbilicaria pustulata (European; three gradients). All gradients showed clear genomic breaks splitting populations into low-elevation (Mediterranean zone) and high-elevation (cold temperate zone). A total of 3301 SNPs in U. phaea and 138 SNPs in U. pustulata were driven to fixation between the two ends of the gradients. The difference between the species is likely due to differences in recombination rate: the sexually reproducing U. phaea has a higher recombination rate than the primarily asexually reproducing U. pustulata. Cline analysis revealed allele frequency transitions along all gradients at approximately 0°C, coinciding with the transition between the Mediterranean and cold temperate zones, suggesting freezing is a strong driver of population differentiation. Genomic scans further confirmed temperature-related selection targets. Both species showed similar differentiation patterns overall, but different selected alleles indicate convergent adaptation to freezing. Our results enrich our knowledge of fungal genomic functions related to temperature and climate, fungal population genomics, and species responses to environmental heterogeneity.

Abstract Image

全基因组分化与两种地衣形成真菌的气候龛位相对应
地衣可以承受水合-干燥周期等波动的环境条件。许多物种分布在不同的气候带,这表明它们在种群水平上适应了冰冻和干旱等条件。在此,我们旨在了解气候如何影响地衣化真菌的种群基因组模式。我们沿海拔梯度分析了密切相关的 Umbilicaria phaea(北美;两个梯度)和 Umbilicaria pustulata(欧洲;三个梯度)的种群结构。所有梯度都显示出明显的基因组断裂,将种群分为低海拔(地中海地区)和高海拔(寒温带地区)。在梯度两端的 U. phaea 和 U. pustulata 中,共有 3301 个 SNPs 和 138 个 SNPs 趋于固定。物种之间的差异可能是由于重组率的不同:有性生殖的 U. phaea 比主要无性生殖的 U. pustulata 有更高的重组率。克林分析显示,所有梯度的等位基因频率都在大约 0°C 时发生转变,这与地中海和寒温带之间的过渡相吻合,表明冰冻是种群分化的一个强大驱动力。基因组扫描进一步证实了与温度有关的选择目标。两种真菌总体上表现出相似的分化模式,但不同的等位基因表明它们对冷冻的适应性趋同。我们的研究结果丰富了我们对与温度和气候相关的真菌基因组功能、真菌种群基因组学以及物种对环境异质性的反应的认识。
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来源期刊
Environmental microbiology
Environmental microbiology 环境科学-微生物学
CiteScore
9.90
自引率
3.90%
发文量
427
审稿时长
2.3 months
期刊介绍: Environmental Microbiology provides a high profile vehicle for publication of the most innovative, original and rigorous research in the field. The scope of the Journal encompasses the diversity of current research on microbial processes in the environment, microbial communities, interactions and evolution and includes, but is not limited to, the following: the structure, activities and communal behaviour of microbial communities microbial community genetics and evolutionary processes microbial symbioses, microbial interactions and interactions with plants, animals and abiotic factors microbes in the tree of life, microbial diversification and evolution population biology and clonal structure microbial metabolic and structural diversity microbial physiology, growth and survival microbes and surfaces, adhesion and biofouling responses to environmental signals and stress factors modelling and theory development pollution microbiology extremophiles and life in extreme and unusual little-explored habitats element cycles and biogeochemical processes, primary and secondary production microbes in a changing world, microbially-influenced global changes evolution and diversity of archaeal and bacterial viruses new technological developments in microbial ecology and evolution, in particular for the study of activities of microbial communities, non-culturable microorganisms and emerging pathogens
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