Human-specific genetic hallmarks in neocortical development: focus on neural progenitors

IF 3.7 2区 生物学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY
Lidiia Tynianskaia , Michael Heide
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The evolutionary expansion of the neocortex in the ape lineage is the basis for the development of higher cognitive abilities. However, the human brain has uniquely increased in size and degree of folding, forming an essential foundation for advanced cognitive functions. This raises the question: what factors distinguish humans from our closest living primate relatives, such as chimpanzees and bonobos, which exhibit comparatively constrained cognitive capabilities? In this review, we focus on recent studies examining (modern) human-specific genetic traits that influence neural progenitor cells, whose behavior and activity are crucial for shaping cortical morphology. We emphasize the role of human-specific genetic modifications in signaling pathways that enhance the abundance of apical and basal progenitors, as well as the importance of basal progenitor metabolism in their proliferation in human. Additionally, we discuss how changes in neuron morphology contribute to the evolution of human cognition and provide our perspective on future directions in the field.
新皮质发育过程中的人类特异性遗传特征:聚焦神经祖细胞。
猿类新皮质的进化扩展是发展高级认知能力的基础。然而,人类大脑在大小和折叠程度上都有独特的增长,形成了高级认知功能的重要基础。这就提出了一个问题:人类与黑猩猩和倭黑猩猩等灵长类近亲的区别在哪里?在这篇综述中,我们将重点关注最近的一些研究,这些研究考察了影响神经祖细胞的(现代)人类特异性遗传特征,而神经祖细胞的行为和活动对于大脑皮层形态的形成至关重要。我们强调人类特异性基因修饰在信号通路中的作用,这些信号通路可提高顶端和基底祖细胞的丰度,以及基底祖细胞新陈代谢在人类祖细胞增殖中的重要性。此外,我们还讨论了神经元形态的变化如何促进了人类认知的进化,并对该领域的未来发展方向提出了自己的看法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
102
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Current Opinion in Genetics and Development aims to stimulate scientifically grounded, interdisciplinary, multi-scale debate and exchange of ideas. It contains polished, concise and timely reviews and opinions, with particular emphasis on those articles published in the past two years. In addition to describing recent trends, the authors are encouraged to give their subjective opinion of the topics discussed. In Current Opinion in Genetics and Development we help the reader by providing in a systematic manner: 1. The views of experts on current advances in their field in a clear and readable form. 2. Evaluations of the most interesting papers, annotated by experts, from the great wealth of original publications.[...] The subject of Genetics and Development is divided into six themed sections, each of which is reviewed once a year: • Cancer Genomics • Genome Architecture and Expression • Molecular and genetic basis of disease • Developmental mechanisms, patterning and evolution • Cell reprogramming, regeneration and repair • Genetics of Human Origin / Evolutionary genetics (alternate years)
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