{"title":"Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficiency, Shear Bond Strength, and Adhesive Remnant Index of TiO<sub>2</sub> Infiltrated Orthodontic Adhesive - An <i>In Vitro</i> Study.","authors":"L Harsha, Aravind Kumar Subramanian, S Pugalmani","doi":"10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_142_23","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enamel demineralization is an unavoidable adverse effect encountered with bonding brackets in orthodontic therapy. Introducing nanoparticles into the composite adhesive paste can prevent enamel demineralization. Titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) is known to exhibit direct antimicrobial efficiency. This study aimed to assess the antibacterial efficiency and shear bond strength (SBS) of an orthodontic bonding composite infiltrated with TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This <i>in vitro</i> study evaluated the efficiency of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticle-incorporated light-curing orthodontic composite paste (ENLIGHT, ORMCO). Twenty extracted premolars were randomly and equally allocated to the two study groups, N = 10. While a conventional composite was utilized for the bonding brackets in Group I, a TiO<sub>2-</sub>incorporated composite was used in Group 2. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores given by Artun and Bergland <i>et al.</i> and SBS were determined. Furthermore, the antimicrobial efficiency was estimated using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)/minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and agar well diffusion assay for six composite disc specimens. The results were statistically analyzed using the chi-square test and Student's <i>t</i> test, at <i>P</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 24 h of curing, no statistical mean difference was observed between the two groups in terms of ARI or SBS scores (<i>P</i> > 0.05). However, there was a significant increase in the antimicrobial efficiency of Group II when compared with Group I (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticle-incorporated orthodontic composites improve the antimicrobial efficiency with no significant change in the SBS. The ARI scores indicate the presence of 50% remnant orthodontic composite on the tooth enamel surface post debonding.</p>","PeriodicalId":1,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of Chemical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":16.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458092/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Accounts of Chemical Research","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_142_23","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/7/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Enamel demineralization is an unavoidable adverse effect encountered with bonding brackets in orthodontic therapy. Introducing nanoparticles into the composite adhesive paste can prevent enamel demineralization. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is known to exhibit direct antimicrobial efficiency. This study aimed to assess the antibacterial efficiency and shear bond strength (SBS) of an orthodontic bonding composite infiltrated with TiO2 nanoparticles.
Materials and methods: This in vitro study evaluated the efficiency of TiO2 nanoparticle-incorporated light-curing orthodontic composite paste (ENLIGHT, ORMCO). Twenty extracted premolars were randomly and equally allocated to the two study groups, N = 10. While a conventional composite was utilized for the bonding brackets in Group I, a TiO2-incorporated composite was used in Group 2. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores given by Artun and Bergland et al. and SBS were determined. Furthermore, the antimicrobial efficiency was estimated using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)/minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and agar well diffusion assay for six composite disc specimens. The results were statistically analyzed using the chi-square test and Student's t test, at P < 0.05.
Results: After 24 h of curing, no statistical mean difference was observed between the two groups in terms of ARI or SBS scores (P > 0.05). However, there was a significant increase in the antimicrobial efficiency of Group II when compared with Group I (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: TiO2 nanoparticle-incorporated orthodontic composites improve the antimicrobial efficiency with no significant change in the SBS. The ARI scores indicate the presence of 50% remnant orthodontic composite on the tooth enamel surface post debonding.
期刊介绍：
Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance.
Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.
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