Claudia M Waddingham, Patrick Hinton, Paul J Villeneuve, Jeffrey R Brook, Eric Lavigne, Kristian Larsen, Will D King, Deyong Wen, Jun Meng, Junhua Zhang, Elisabeth Galarneau, Shelley A Harris
{"title":"Exposure to ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and early-onset female breast cancer in a case-control study in Ontario, Canada.","authors":"Claudia M Waddingham, Patrick Hinton, Paul J Villeneuve, Jeffrey R Brook, Eric Lavigne, Kristian Larsen, Will D King, Deyong Wen, Jun Meng, Junhua Zhang, Elisabeth Galarneau, Shelley A Harris","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000333","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of toxicologically important and understudied air pollutants. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that chronic exposure to PAHs increases breast cancer risk; however, there are few studies in nonoccupational settings that focus on early-onset diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The relationship between residentially-based ambient PAH concentrations and female breast cancer, among those 18-45 years of age, was characterized in the Ontario Environment and Health Study (OEHS). The OEHS was a population-based case-control study undertaken in Ontario, Canada between 2013 and 2015. Primary incident breast cancers were identified within 3 months of diagnosis, and a population-based series of controls were recruited. Concentrations of ambient PAHs, using fluoranthene as a surrogate, were derived using a chemical transport model at a 2.5 km spatial resolution. These estimates were assigned to participants' residences at the time of the interview and 5 years prior. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) based on a quartile categorization of fluoranthene exposure while adjusting for a series of individual- and area-level risk factors. The shape of the exposure-response trend was evaluated using cubic splines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median fluoranthene exposure for cases and controls was 0.0017 µg/m<sup>3</sup> and 0.0014 µg/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. In models adjusted for a parsimonious set of risk factors, the highest quartile of exposure was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (OR = 2.16; 95% CI = 1.22, 3.84). Restricted spline analyses revealed nonlinear dose-response patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings support the hypothesis that ambient PAH exposures increases the risk of early-onset breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11463212/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Environmental Epidemiology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000333","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/10/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of toxicologically important and understudied air pollutants. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that chronic exposure to PAHs increases breast cancer risk; however, there are few studies in nonoccupational settings that focus on early-onset diagnoses.
Methods: The relationship between residentially-based ambient PAH concentrations and female breast cancer, among those 18-45 years of age, was characterized in the Ontario Environment and Health Study (OEHS). The OEHS was a population-based case-control study undertaken in Ontario, Canada between 2013 and 2015. Primary incident breast cancers were identified within 3 months of diagnosis, and a population-based series of controls were recruited. Concentrations of ambient PAHs, using fluoranthene as a surrogate, were derived using a chemical transport model at a 2.5 km spatial resolution. These estimates were assigned to participants' residences at the time of the interview and 5 years prior. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) based on a quartile categorization of fluoranthene exposure while adjusting for a series of individual- and area-level risk factors. The shape of the exposure-response trend was evaluated using cubic splines.
Results: Median fluoranthene exposure for cases and controls was 0.0017 µg/m3 and 0.0014 µg/m3, respectively. In models adjusted for a parsimonious set of risk factors, the highest quartile of exposure was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (OR = 2.16; 95% CI = 1.22, 3.84). Restricted spline analyses revealed nonlinear dose-response patterns.
Conclusions: These findings support the hypothesis that ambient PAH exposures increases the risk of early-onset breast cancer.