Iron and women’s health: a multidimensional exploration of iron deficiency, management and treatment in active women (PhD Academy Award)

Abstract

My thesis explores the critical issue of iron deficiency in women’s health. Approximately one-third of the human population has iron deficiency,1 many of whom are physically active women of reproductive age.2 Through a series of novel projects, this thesis provides a multidimensional understanding of the impact, management and treatment of iron deficiency in active women. Comprised of two reviews (narrative and abridged Cochrane) and four original investigations (three cross-sectional investigations and one randomised control trial), with a preface and general discussion section to introduce and conclude the body of work, respectively; the thesis is structured under three overarching themes: Iron deficiency is a significant yet under-recognised public health issue. Despite its high prevalence, there is a lack of comprehensive research focusing on the unique physiological factors faced by women. The notable lack of research has allowed for the normalisation of iron deficiency in society.3 This oversight perpetuates a cycle of underdiagnosis and undertreatment, thereby allowing iron deficiency to common progress in severity, resulting in iron deficiency anaemia.2 Research has demonstrated the detrimental impact of iron deficiency (with or without anaemia) on physical capacity,4 and quality of life5 (figure 1). Additionally, broader societal issues arise as a result, such as declining economic productivity and poor gender healthcare equity.3 Figure 1 Understanding iron deficiency and anaemia in women. This figure outlines the core concerns …