Manuel A Fernandez Barrientos, Alessia Cenani, Craig S Brown, Boaz Arzi, Elias Wolfs, Bruno H Pypendop
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective: To describe an ultrasound-guided suprazygomatic approach to the trigeminal nerve block in cat cadavers.
Study design: Prospective descriptive study.
Animals: Ten feline cadaver heads.
Methods: A 25:75 methylene blue-iopamidol mixture (0.1 mL cm-1 cranium length) was injected into 10 cadaver heads using an ultrasound-guided suprazygomatic approach. A computed tomography (CT) scan was performed to identify contrast presence at the orbital fissure, foramen rotundum and ovale, followed by anatomical dissection to identify staining of the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF), extraconal retrobulbar area, mandibular and maxillary nerves. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize results.
Results: A total of 20 injections were performed. Of these, 1/20 misinjection occurred and excluded from further reporting. The volume of injectate was 0.9 (0.9-1.1) mL [median (range)]. Staining of the PPF, extraconal space, maxillary and mandibular nerves over more than 6 mm was achieved in 19/19 (100%), 18/19 (95%), 17/19 (89%) and 19/19 (100%) of injections, respectively. CT showed presence of contrast within 5 mm of the orbital fissure, foramen rotundum and ovale in 18/19 (95%), 19/19 (100%) and 19/19 (100%) of the injections, respectively. No intracranial migration was observed.
Conclusions and clinical relevance: This cadaver study illustrates that the suprazygomatic ultrasound-guided trigeminal nerve injection technique can successfully stain the PPF, retrobulbar cone extraconally, mandibular and maxillary nerves. Consequently, this technique has the potential to be used in vivo in cats to desensitize areas innervated by the trigeminal nerve.
期刊介绍:
Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia is the official journal of the Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists, the American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia and the European College of Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. Its purpose is the publication of original, peer reviewed articles covering all branches of anaesthesia and the relief of pain in animals. Articles concerned with the following subjects related to anaesthesia and analgesia are also welcome:
the basic sciences;
pathophysiology of disease as it relates to anaesthetic management
equipment
intensive care
chemical restraint of animals including laboratory animals, wildlife and exotic animals
welfare issues associated with pain and distress
education in veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia.
Review articles, special articles, and historical notes will also be published, along with editorials, case reports in the form of letters to the editor, and book reviews. There is also an active correspondence section.