Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents: Challenges for treatment and potential solutions

IF 6.1 3区医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Diabetes research and clinical practice Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI:10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111879

Ivy Lee Jia Jia , Simona Zampetti , Paolo Pozzilli , Raffaella Buzzetti

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Abstract

Historically perceived as a disease mainly affecting adults, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among children and adolescents has been rising, mirroring the increasing rates of childhood obesity. Currently, youth-onset T2DM poses a significant public health challenge globally. Treating youth-onset T2DM poses numerous critical challenges, namely limited and inadequate therapeutic options, and difficulties with conducting therapeutic studies. As a result, current treatment guidelines are based on adult studies and expert consensus. Few prominent guidelines on the treatment of youth-onset T2DM have been published recently, i.e., by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) 2024, National Institute for Healthcare and Excellence United Kingdom (NICE UK) 2023, International Society Paediatric and Adolescents Diabetes (ISPAD) 2022, Australasian Paediatric Endocrine Group (APEG) 2020 and Diabetes Canada 2018. This review first explores the unique aspects of youth-onset T2DM. It then summarises the different treatment guidelines, discusses the different treatment modalities based on available evidence and identifies any gaps. The review also explores challenges in the treatment of youth-onset T2DM with potential solutions and discusses recent trials on the treatment of youth-onset T2DM. Continued research aims to optimise treatment, improve outcomes, and alleviate the burden of T2DM on youths.

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儿童和青少年的 2 型糖尿病：治疗挑战和潜在解决方案。

一直以来，2 型糖尿病（T2DM）被认为是一种主要影响成年人的疾病，但随着儿童肥胖率的上升，儿童和青少年的患病率也在不断上升。目前，青少年发病的 T2DM 在全球范围内构成了重大的公共卫生挑战。治疗青少年发病的 T2DM 面临诸多严峻挑战，如治疗方案有限且不充分，以及开展治疗研究困难重重。因此，目前的治疗指南都是基于成人研究和专家共识。最近，美国糖尿病协会（ADA）2024年、英国国家医疗保健与卓越研究所（NICE UK）2023年、国际儿童和青少年糖尿病学会（ISPAD）2022年、澳大利亚儿科内分泌小组（APEG）2020年和加拿大糖尿病学会2018年分别发布了几份关于治疗青少年型T2DM的重要指南。本综述首先探讨了青少年型 T2DM 的独特之处。然后，它总结了不同的治疗指南，讨论了基于现有证据的不同治疗模式，并找出了差距。本综述还探讨了治疗青年型 T2DM 所面临的挑战和潜在的解决方案，并讨论了治疗青年型 T2DM 的最新试验。继续研究的目的是优化治疗、改善疗效并减轻 T2DM 给青少年带来的负担。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Diabetes research and clinical practice 医学-内分泌学与代谢

CiteScore

10.30

自引率

3.90%

发文量

862

审稿时长

32 days

期刊介绍： Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice is an international journal for health-care providers and clinically oriented researchers that publishes high-quality original research articles and expert reviews in diabetes and related areas. The role of the journal is to provide a venue for dissemination of knowledge and discussion of topics related to diabetes clinical research and patient care. Topics of focus include translational science, genetics, immunology, nutrition, psychosocial research, epidemiology, prevention, socio-economic research, complications, new treatments, technologies and therapy.